An eco-friendly chitosan/cellulose acetate hybrid nanostructure containing Ziziphora clinopodioides essential oils for active food packaging applications

Recent Advances in Functional Cellulose-based Films with Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties for Food Packaging

“…79 Direct addition of Ziziphora clinopodioides extract into the cellulose acetate electrospun membrane increased hydrophobicity and reduced WVP and weakened the tensile strength and Young's modulus of the membrane whereas encapsulation of the extract into the chitosan NPs and then loading into the membrane showed opposite effects. 80 While the neat CA membrane showed no biocidal activity, the membrane loaded with this extract showed 11−12 mm zone inhibitions against E. coli and S. aureus. Cellulose acetate films incorporated with different carotenoids (lycopene, norbixin, and zeaxanthin) were applied to protect vitamin B2 in foods from photo-oxidation.…”

“…The addition of 0.5–1 wt % geranyl acetate (a natural ester with antimicrobial properties with low cytotoxicity obtained from different plants) to the cellulose acetate films endowed antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli bacteria and antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus without affecting the mechanical properties of the films . Direct addition of Ziziphora clinopodioides extract into the cellulose acetate electrospun membrane increased hydrophobicity and reduced WVP and weakened the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the membrane whereas encapsulation of the extract into the chitosan NPs and then loading into the membrane showed opposite effects . While the neat CA membrane showed no biocidal activity, the membrane loaded with this extract showed 11–12 mm zone inhibitions against E. coli and S. aureus .…”

Recent Advances in Sustainable Antimicrobial Food Packaging: Insights into Release Mechanisms, Design Strategies, and Applications in the Food Industry

“…To date, the most prevalent, convenient, and effective solutions for developing such SAFP materials involve a blending and loading technology, where biopolymers serve as substrates, 47,48,54,[136][137][138]141,171,172 a microencapsulation embedding technology utilizing biopolymers or specific inorganic compounds as carriers, 41,53,63,102,124,127,135 and a combination of these two technologies. 30,125,126,128,142,173 It is worth mentioning that adjusting the type, 41,48,63 proportion, 54,63,171 and mixing order 41,58 of raw materials in the preparation process can indirectly regulate the release of antimicrobial agents and antimicrobial effects of the resulting SAFP.…”

“…Therefore, when plant-derived agents are combined with biopolymers, specific technologies are required to improve their stability, control their release profile, and achieve long-lasting antimicrobial effects. To date, the most prevalent, convenient, and effective solutions for developing such SAFP materials involve a blending and loading technology, where biopolymers serve as substrates, ,,,− ,,, a microencapsulation embedding technology utilizing biopolymers or specific inorganic compounds as carriers, ,,,,,, and a combination of these two technologies. ,,,,, …”

“…These agents can be directly added to the substrate or incorporated into biopolymers or porous inorganic materials through grafting, encapsulation, or loading, forming microcapsules that are then added to the substrate. The use of prefabricated microcapsules offers greater control over slow-release or controlled-release, avoiding sudden or explosive bursts of antimicrobial agents and prolonging the antimicrobial period. ,,− The prefabricated substrate/carrier blended with antimicrobial agents requires further processing, typically achieved through solution casting, coating, electrospinning, extrusion molding, or papermaking techniques, which are simple, cost-effective, and widely utilized preparation methods (Figure ). These processes yield various forms of SAFP, including coatings, films, mats, gels, paper, and cardboard (Figure ).…”