“…Much has been devoted to either a description of various legal and civil approaches to addressing the substance abuse problem (15,16) or a theoretical and clinical discussion of the concept of coercion. Clinically, coercion has been viewed as either a dimension of one's motivation for treatment (9,(17)(18)(19), a factor in one's engagement in and movement through treatment (4,20,21), or an active ingredient of treatment as part of contingency contracting (22). Other articles have addressed ethical (6,23,24), legal (6,25), and programmatic (26) issues raised by the notion of involuntary treatment.…”