An Ecological Study of Community‐Level Correlates of Suicide Mortality Rates in the Flemish Region of Belgium, 1996–2005

Hooghe, Marc; Vanhoutte, Bram

doi:10.1111/j.1943-278x.2011.00047.x

Cited by 24 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…There was little specification or agreement regarding the time interval required to qualify as “acute,” nor clarity regarding the social or spatial distance necessary to be considered “proximate.” Among the reviewed records, the range of time period varied from within 24 hours [21], a few days [22], to one year [23]. The range of distance varies from the same institution [15], [22] to the same region [23], [24]. Without either a priori standardization or empirical demonstration of metrics for time, space, or social connection, the process for defining connection or contact becomes potentially unreliable.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suicide Contagion: A Systematic Review of Definitions and Research Utility

Cheng

Silenzio

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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ObjectivesDespite the common use of contagion to analogize the spread of suicide, there is a lack of rigorous assessment of the underlying concept or theory supporting the use of this term. The present study aims to examine the varied definitions and potential utility of the term contagion in suicide-related research.Methods100 initial records and 240 reference records in English were identified as relevant with our research objectives, through systematic literature screening. We then conducted narrative syntheses of various definitions and assessed their potential value for generating new research.Results20.3% of the 340 records used contagion as equivalent to clustering (contagion-as-cluster); 68.5% used it to refer to various, often related mechanisms underlying the clustering phenomenon (contagion-as-mechanism); and 11.2% without clear definition. Under the category of contagion-as-mechanism, four mechanisms have been proposed to explain how suicide clusters occurred: transmission (contagion-as-transmission), imitation (contagion-as-imitation), contextual influence (contagion-as-context), and affiliation (contagion-as-affiliation). Contagion-as-cluster both confounds and constrains inquiry into suicide clustering by blending proposed mechanism with the phenomenon to be studied. Contagion-as-transmission is, in essence, a double or internally redundant metaphor. Contagion-as-affiliation and contagion-as-context involve mechanisms that are common mechanisms that often occur independently of apparent contagion, or may serve as a facilitating background. When used indiscriminately, these terms may create research blind spots. Contagion-as-imitation combines perspectives from psychology, sociology, and public health research and provides the greatest heuristic utility for examining whether and how suicide and suicidal behaviors may spread among persons at both individual and population levels.ConclusionClarifying the concept of “suicide contagion” is an essential step for more thoroughly investigating its mechanisms. Developing a clearer understanding of the apparent spread of suicide-promoting influences can, in turn, offer insights necessary to build the scientific foundation for prevention and intervention strategies that can be applied at both individual and community levels.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suicide Contagion: A Systematic Review of Definitions and Research Utility

Cheng

Silenzio

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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“…Suicide in Australia has also been shown to vary by area-based socio-economic strata [3], by measures of urban–rural residence [4], and by small-area geographic units [5,6]. Geographic analyses to identify areas of high suicide risk have also been conducted in other countries, such as Belgium [7], Taiwan [8,9], United Kingdom [10-15], United States [16,17], and Brazil [18]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial clusters of suicide in Australia

Xin

Page

et al. 2012

BMC Psychiatry

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Background Understanding the spatial distribution of suicide can inform the planning, implementation and evaluation of suicide prevention activity. This study explored spatial clusters of suicide in Australia, and investigated likely socio-demographic determinants of these clusters. Methods National suicide and population data at a statistical local area (SLA) level were obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics for the period of 1999 to 2003. Standardised mortality ratios (SMR) were calculated at the SLA level, and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques were applied to investigate the geographical distribution of suicides and detect clusters of high risk in Australia. Results Male suicide incidence was relatively high in the northeast of Australia, and parts of the east coast, central and southeast inland, compared with the national average. Among the total male population and males aged 15 to 34, Mornington Shire had the whole or a part of primary high risk cluster for suicide, followed by the Bathurst-Melville area, one of the secondary clusters in the north coastal area of the Northern Territory. Other secondary clusters changed with the selection of cluster radius and age group. For males aged 35 to 54 years, only one cluster in the east of the country was identified. There was only one significant female suicide cluster near Melbourne while other SLAs had very few female suicide cases and were not identified as clusters. Male suicide clusters had a higher proportion of Indigenous population and lower median socio-economic index for area (SEIFA) than the national average, but their shapes changed with selection of maximum cluster radii setting. Conclusion This study found high suicide risk clusters at the SLA level in Australia, which appeared to be associated with lower median socio-economic status and higher proportion of Indigenous population. Future suicide prevention programs should focus on these high risk areas.

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“…Investigaciones precedentes muestras hallazgos divergentes; por una parte, en la mayoría de éstas se documentó una asociación positiva o directa en la región o país analizado [9][10][11][12][13][14] ; mientras que un estudio mostró una relación más compleja entre la situación de pobreza y la tasa de suicidio dado que se observó de que la tasa de suicidio fue significativamente superior en las personas de ingresos promedio 15 .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Varias investigaciones muestran que los ingresos económicos de la población guardan relación con las tasas de suicidio. Sin embargo, dada la diferencia en la manera de conceptualizar los ingresos, monetarios, privación económica o pobreza, se observan asociaciones positivas o negativas, mayor o menor tasa de suicidio en los grupos en situación de pobreza [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] . Un número más reducido de estudios exploraron la asociación entre desigualdad y tasa de suicidio e informaron hallazgos inconsistentes, un par de investigaciones observaron una falta de correlación 16,17 ; y otro par documentó una correlación negativa estadísticamente significativa entre el coeficiente de Gini y las tasas de suicidio 18,19 .…”

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Pobreza, desigualdad y tasa de suicidio en Colombia, 2012

Campo‐Arias¹,

Herazo²

2014

Duazary

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126Pobreza, desigualdad y tasa de suicidio en Colombia, 2012 ResumenEl suicidio es un tema complejo de importancia en salud pública relacionado con múltiples determinantes. Sin embargo, se ha brindado menor atención a los determinantes sociales distales. El objetivo del presente estudio fue estimar la correlación entre pobreza y desigualdad y la tasa de suicidio en Colombia durante el 2012. Se diseñó un estudio ecológico en el que se cuantificó la correlación entre los porcentajes de pobreza, el coeficiente de Gini (desigualdad) y las tasas de suicidio en los departamentos colombianos. Se contó la información de 23 departamentos y el Distrito Capital; los porcentajes de pobreza se observaron 11,6 y 68,0% (M=40,7; SD=14,2), los coeficientes de Gini entre 0,452 y 0,616 (M=0,511; SD=0,037); y las tasas de suicidio entre 1,52 y 7,59 (M=3,99; SD=1,5). La correlación entre pobreza (r=-0,401; p=0,052) y coeficiente de Gini y (r=-0,086; p=0,689) y la tasa de suicidio fueron no significativas. Se concluye que la tasa de suicidio en los departamentos colombianos durante 2012 fue independiente los porcentajes de pobreza y el coeficiente de Gini para desigualdad. Se necesitan más investigación de los determinantes sociales de las tasas de suicidio.Palabras clave: pobreza, inequidad social, suicidio, estudios ecológicos. abstractSuicide is a complex issue of public health importance related to multiple determinants. However, less attention has been given to distal social determinants. The aim of this study was to estimate the correlation between poverty and inequity and the suicide rate in Colombia during 2012. An ecological study was designed for measuring the correlation between poverty rates, Gini coefficient (inequity) and suicide rates in Colombian departments. Information from 23 departments and Capital District were taken; Gini coefficients were observed between 0.452 and 0.616 (M=0.511, SD=0.037); poverty rates, 11.6 and 68.0% (SD=40.7, M=14.2); and suicide rates between 1.52 and 7.59 (M=3.99, SD=1.5). The correlation between poverty (r=-0.401, p=0.052) and Gini coefficient (r=-0.086,

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An Ecological Study of Community‐Level Correlates of Suicide Mortality Rates in the Flemish Region of Belgium, 1996–2005

Cited by 24 publications

References 55 publications

Suicide Contagion: A Systematic Review of Definitions and Research Utility

Suicide Contagion: A Systematic Review of Definitions and Research Utility

Spatial clusters of suicide in Australia

Pobreza, desigualdad y tasa de suicidio en Colombia, 2012

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