An ecological study of the locations of schools and child pedestrian injury collisions

LaScala, Elizabeth A.; Gruenewald, Paul J.; Johnson, Fred W.

doi:10.1016/s0001-4575(03)00063-0

Cited by 84 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…We observed the road crossing behaviors of adults accompanying children on the route to school, an everyday pedestrian activity for many children. Also, ecological studies of children's road traffic injuries have identified locations with schools as having high rates of injury due to regular, often congested traffic patterns (LaScala et al 2004). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adult Pedestrian Behavior When Accompanying Children on the Route to School

Pfeffer

Fagbemi

Stennet

2010

Traffic Injury Prevention

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Objective: Pedestrian injuries are a major cause of morbidity and mortality to children, especially boys. Adults serve as pedestrian role models and provide learning opportunities to children when walking to school. The research objectives were to investigate adult pedestrian behaviour when accompanying boys and girls.Methods: Behavioural observation of 140 adult pedestrians accompanying 4 -9 year-old children was done in British residential locations. Observations took place at light-controlled crossings, speed restricted school safety zones and mid-block unmarked crossing sites.Behaviours observed included stopping at the curb, waiting at the curb, looking left and right before and during road crossing, holding hands, talking, and walking straight across. Results:In general, adults modeled safe road crossing behaviours. Adult safe behaviour scores were higher when accompanying girls than when accompanying boys. No statistically significant differences were found by child age group. The fewest safe pedestrian behaviors were observed at light-controlled crossings. Conclusions:Adult pedestrians behave differently when with boys and girls and at different types of road crossing site. Interventions aimed at reducing pedestrian injuries to children may need to take these different everyday experiences into consideration.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adult Pedestrian Behavior When Accompanying Children on the Route to School

Pfeffer

Fagbemi

Stennet

2010

Traffic Injury Prevention

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“…16 Some factors that certainly contribute to the increased risk of accidents involving a motor vehicle and a pedestrian are the childs age, impact speed and vehicle design. 10,17,18 With regard to the drivers attitudes, motor vehiclepedestrian collisions occur due to excess speed, intoxication, insecure attitudes, noncompliance with traffic rules, lack of attention to pedestrians (especially children) and impunity. 8 Accidents involving a motor vehicle and a child are usually caused by under-forty-year-old male drivers.…”

Section: Pedestrian Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

O pediatra e a segurança no trânsito

Waksman

Pirito

2005

J. Pediatr. (Rio J.)

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Suggested citation: Waksman RD, Pirito RM. The pediatrician and traffic safety. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2005;81(5 Suppl):S181-S188. AbstractObjective: To instruct children and teenagers about safe transportation and about their behavior as cyclists and pedestrians. Sources of data:The MEDLINE and LILACS databases were searched, using the following terms, from 1995 to 2005: traffic accidents, child, adolescent, morbidity, mortality, age, and gender. Scientific articles on morbidity and mortality from traffic accidents, children in a pedestrian situation, as cyclists or as motor vehicle passengers, were selected.Summary of the findings: More than 300 scientific articles were found, but only the studies that addressed those issues in a broad manner were selected.Conclusions: Traffic-related mortality rates are still very high and show the necessity to intensify educational campaigns for community awareness, in addition to encouraging investments in effective pedestrian safety. The pediatricians role is to decrease the number of children and adolescents who get involved in traffic accidents by providing them with traffic guidance and education.J Pediatr (Rio J). 2005;81(5 Suppl):S181-S188: Accident prevention, prevention and control, pedestrian, transportation, cyclist.

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“…The majority of collision involving pedestrian age 17 and younger and 65 and older occurred near home. There is extensive pediatric literature addressing the proximity of child auto-pedestrian collisions to victims' homes or schools [Agran et al, 1994;Malek et al, 1990;Braddock et al, 1994;Roberts et al, 1997;Lightstone et al, 2001;La Scala et al, 2004].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Literature exploring child pedestrian injury suggests that collisions often occur close to children's homes or schools [Agran, Winn, Anderson, 1994;Malek, Guyer, Lescoheir, 1990;Braddock, Lapidus, Cromley, 1994;Roberts et al, 1997;Lightstone, Dhillon, Peek-Asa, 2001;La Scala, Guenewald, Johnson, 2004]. Additionally, past studies have identified factors associated with the risk of adult pedestrian collision and injury such as age and gender [La Scala, Gerber, Gruenewald, 2000;Graham, Glaister, Anderson, 2005;Hijar, Kraus, Tovar, 2001;Gorrie, Brown, Waite, 2008], alcohol involvement [La Scala et al, 2000;Shuurman, Cinnamon, Crooks, 2009;Paulozzi, 2006], and socio-economic status [Rivara and Barber, 1985;La Scala et al, 2000;Graham et al, 2005;Chakravarthy, Anderson, Ludlow, 2010] among others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

425 An Analysis of Distance From Collision Site to Pedestrian Home Residence in Pedestrian versus Automobile Collisions Presenting to a Level I Trauma Center

Hoang

Rowther

Carroll

et al. 2011

Annals of Emergency Medicine

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-This study tests the hypothesis that most pedestrian collisions occur near victims' homes. Patients involved in automobile versus pedestrian collisions who presented to the emergency department at a Level I trauma center between January 2000 and December 2009 were included in the study. Patient demographics were obtained from the trauma registry. Home address was determined from hospital records, collision site was determined from the paramedic run sheet, and the shortest walking distance between the collision site and pedestrian residence was determined using Google Maps. We summarized distances for groups with the median and compared groups using the Kruskal-Wallis rank test. We identified 1917 pedestrian injury cases and identified both residence address and collision location for 1213 cases (63%). Forty-eight percent of the collisions were near home (within 1.1 km, 95% CI 45-51%). Median distance from residence to collision site was 1.4 km (interquartile range 0.3-7.4 km). For ages 0-17, the median distance 0.7 km, and 59% (95% CI 54-63%) of collisions occurred near home. For ages 65 and older, the median distance was 0.6 km and 65% (95% CI 55-73%) were injured near home. Distance did not differ by sex, race, ethnicity, or blood alcohol level. More severe injuries (Injury Severity Score ≥ 16) occurred further from home than less severe injuries (median 1.9 km vs.

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An ecological study of the locations of schools and child pedestrian injury collisions

Cited by 84 publications

References 17 publications

Adult Pedestrian Behavior When Accompanying Children on the Route to School

Adult Pedestrian Behavior When Accompanying Children on the Route to School

O pediatra e a segurança no trânsito

425 An Analysis of Distance From Collision Site to Pedestrian Home Residence in Pedestrian versus Automobile Collisions Presenting to a Level I Trauma Center

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