An economic approach to pollution control in aquaculture

Soley, N.; Neiland, A.; Nowell, David

doi:10.1016/0025-326x(94)90394-8

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…One common sense solution is the development of integrated systems by combining fed and extractive aquaculture at several trophic levels. By significantly reducing the total environmental costs of aquaculture operations, this approach should find increasing environmental, economic, and social acceptability, especially if the “user pays” concept gains momentum as a tool in integrated coastal management (Soley et al 1994, Buschmann et al 1996a, Coastal Zone Canada Association 2001). The development of such practices would certainly be less expensive and less labor intensive than implementing and respecting regulations or laws on conventional waste treatment enacted by state or governing agencies (Folke et al 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating Seaweeds Into Marine Aquaculture Systems: A Key Toward Sustainability

Chopin

Buschmann

Halling

et al. 2001

Journal of Phycology

630

323

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The rapid development of intensive fed aquaculture (e.g. finfish and shrimp) throughout the world is associated with concerns about the environmental impacts of such often monospecific practices, especially where activities are highly geographically concentrated or located in suboptimal sites whose assimilative capacity is poorly understood and, consequently, prone to being exceeded. One of the main environmental issues is the direct discharge of significant nutrient loads into coastal waters from open‐water systems and with the effluents from land‐based systems. In its search for best management practices, the aquaculture industry should develop innovative and responsible practices that optimize its efficiency and create diversification, while ensuring the remediation of the consequences of its activities to maintain the health of coastal waters. To avoid pronounced shifts in coastal processes, conversion, not dilution, is a common‐sense solution, used for centuries in Asian countries. By integrating fed aquaculture (finfish, shrimp) with inorganic and organic extractive aquaculture (seaweed and shellfish), the wastes of one resource user become a resource (fertilizer or food) for the others. Such a balanced ecosystem approach provides nutrient bioremediation capability, mutual benefits to the cocultured organisms, economic diversification by producing other value‐added marine crops, and increased profitability per cultivation unit for the aquaculture industry. Moreover, as guidelines and regulations on aquaculture effluents are forthcoming in several countries, using appropriately selected seaweeds as renewable biological nutrient scrubbers represents a cost‐effective means for reaching compliance by reducing the internalization of the total environmental costs. By adopting integrated polytrophic practices, the aquaculture industry should find increasing environmental, economic, and social acceptability and become a full and sustainable partner within the development of integrated coastal management frameworks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating Seaweeds Into Marine Aquaculture Systems: A Key Toward Sustainability

Chopin

Buschmann

Halling

et al. 2001

Journal of Phycology

630

323

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“…The standard method of raising these species is in sea cages under intensive production conditions in which the fish are fed a processed feed. While the expansion of mariculture has undoubtedly brought benefits, particularly to regions at the edge of Europe where development opportunities are limited (Burbridge et al, 2001), it has also given rise to a number of environmental impacts, which in some circumstances may be damaging or costly to society (Soley et al, 1994;Wu, 1995;Naylor et al, 1998;Muir et al, 1999;Black, 2001;Read and Fernandes, 2003;Islam, 2005). In the case of salmon farming, organic pollution may adversely affect water quality, Several factors have shaped the development of the industry, the most important being improvements in production technology that have lowered unit costs and market prices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public attitudes towards the environmental impact of salmon aquaculture in Scotland

Whitmarsh

Wattage

2006

Eur. Env.

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This paper reports the results of a survey of public attitudes towards aquaculture, using salmon farming in Scotland as a case study. The aims have been to identify the priority that people attach to the environmental performance of the salmon aquaculture industry, relative to other objectives, and to measure the economic benefits to society from salmon farmed using methods that cause less organic pollution. The results indicate that the public attach a relatively high importance to minimizing environmental damage from aquaculture, and this has its parallel in the finding that people are willing to pay a price premium for salmon produced in a more environmentally benign way.

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“…In open-sea-cage culture, high organic and nutnent loadings generated from feed wastage, excretion and faecal production are directly discharged into the environment (Duff 1987, Hammo 1987, Waldichuk 1987, Wu 1988, Wildish et al 1990, Soley et al 1994, Wu et al 1994. Conse-quently, there has been a growing concern over the impact of marine fish farming activities on water and sediment quality of the receiving marine environment (Ackefors 1986, Gowen & Bradbury 1987, Hakanson et al 1988, Rosenthal et al 1988, Ackefors & Enell 1990, Wu et al 1994, Wu 1995.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen budgets for the areolated grouper Epinephelus areolatus cultured under laboratory conditions and in open-sea cages

Leung¹,

Chu²,

Wu³

1999

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The nitrogen budget of grouper Epinephelus areolatus (Forskal) in a culture system can be represented by the mass balance equation: consumption (C) = feed input (I) -feed wastage (W) = production (P) + moi-tality (A4) + excretion (E) + faecal production (F). A nitrogen budget was constructed for individual groupers cultured for 1 n~o under laboratory conditions; and a n annual nitrogen budget was also constructed for a cohort of E. areolatus cultured in a n open-sea-cage farm and fed with trash fish. Consumption was determined independently both by feeding expenments as well as by summation of P, M, E and F, to provide an estirnate of the accuracy of the budget equation. In the laboratory budget, 27.5 % of N consunled was channelled to growth, while 64 4 % was excreted in the form of amrnonia and 8.1 % lost in faeces The N-assimilation efficiency was 91 9%, while the net N-retention efficiency was 29.9%. For the annual budget constructed for the open-sea-cage farm, only 8 6 % of total N input into the farm was harvested in the form of fish production, while loss to mortality was 3.7 %. Ammonia excretion was the most important N loss (46.0%), followed by feed wastage (37 .? %) and faecal production (4.0%). 66% of total N input could be accounted for in the laboratory N budget for individual groupers, but only 48% of N input into the culture system could be accounted for in the annual nitrogen budget constructed for open-sea-cage farming. It was estimated that 87 7 % of the total N input to the farm was lost to the environment (equivalent to 321 kg N t-' of fish production). Such a value is almost 3 times as high as N loss from temperate salmonid farms

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An economic approach to pollution control in aquaculture

Cited by 10 publications

References 5 publications

Integrating Seaweeds Into Marine Aquaculture Systems: A Key Toward Sustainability

Integrating Seaweeds Into Marine Aquaculture Systems: A Key Toward Sustainability

Public attitudes towards the environmental impact of salmon aquaculture in Scotland

Nitrogen budgets for the areolated grouper Epinephelus areolatus cultured under laboratory conditions and in open-sea cages

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