An economic evaluation of diabetes mellitus in India: A systematic review

Sathyanath, Shreyaswi; Kundapur, Rashmi; Deepthi, R; Poojary, Santhosh N; Rai, Sathvik; Modi, Bhavesh; Saxena, Deepak

doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102641

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…At twice daily administration, the annual cost accounts for INR1,460. This is about 5-20 times lower than the estimated annual cost for medication expenditures [26][27][28]. The affordability and availability of Glz + Met in India enhance accessibility to the population in need of the medication.…”

Section: Glipizide + Metformin: An Affordable Solutionmentioning

confidence: 87%

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A Review on Affordable Combinations in Type 2 Diabetes Care: Exploring the Cost-Effective Potential of Glipizide + Metformin and Glimepiride + Metformin + Pioglitazone

Shaikh,

Vaidya,

Gupta

et al. 2024

Cureus

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Management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) largely relies on medication adherence of individuals with diabetes to achieve optimal glycemic control. The economic burden of diabetes could impede adherence, leading to a reduction in treatment efficacy and increased risk of complications. Furthermore, monotherapy in diabetes is losing traction due to its ineffectiveness in achieving early and sustained optimal glycemic control in a significant proportion of the population. Hence, clinicians prefer combination treatment due to their improved efficacy and safety. Considering these factors, the current review highlights the safety and efficacy of the affordable combination therapies, a dual therapy, glipizide + metformin, and a triple-drug combination of glimepiride + metformin + pioglitazone and its applicability in the management of T2DM among individuals with diabetes in India.

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Section: Glipizide + Metformin: An Affordable Solutionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The average annual household expenditure for diabetes management ranges from ~INR11,500 to ~INR49,000 [26][27][28], which was seen to exhaust between 5% and 25% or more of a household income [25,28,29]. This indicates that lower-income groups bear a larger proportion of their income for diabetes care.…”

Section: Importance Of Pharmacoeconomic Profile In T2dmmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Affordable Combinations in Type 2 Diabetes Care: Exploring the Cost-Effective Potential of Glipizide + Metformin and Glimepiride + Metformin + Pioglitazone

Shaikh,

Vaidya,

Gupta

et al. 2024

Cureus

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“…The high out-of-pocket treatment costs that patients must pay typically necessitate spending a large amount of their annual income on diabetes care. (Alzaid et al, 2021 ; Arffman et al, 2020 ; Bommer et al, 2017 ; Cannon et al, 2018 ; Sathyanath et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The highest economic impact was direct medical costs, 56% in low-income nations and 74% in high-income countries. Indirect productivity losses remained high (Sathyanath et al, 2022 ). Another low- and middle-income nation review found type 2 diabetes costs USD238 in Bangladesh and USD3,189 in Iran per capita (Barua et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Three Cost Elements Can Be Estimated In a Coi Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of the economic burden of diabetes mellitus: contrasting perspectives from high and low middle-income countries

Butt,

Ong,

Rafiq

et al. 2024

Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice

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Introduction Diabetes increases preventative sickness and costs healthcare and productivity. Type 2 diabetes and macrovascular disease consequences cause most diabetes-related costs. Type 2 diabetes greatly costs healthcare institutions, reducing economic productivity and efficiency. This cost of illness (COI) analysis examines the direct and indirect costs of treating and managing type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methodology According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, Cochrane, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, Medline Plus, and CENTRAL were searched for relevant articles on type 1 and type 2 diabetes illness costs. The inquiry returned 873 2011–2023 academic articles. The study included 42 papers after an abstract evaluation of 547 papers. Results Most articles originated in Asia and Europe, primarily on type 2 diabetes. The annual cost per patient ranged from USD87 to USD9,581. Prevalence-based cost estimates ranged from less than USD470 to more than USD3475, whereas annual pharmaceutical prices ranged from USD40 to more than USD450, with insulin exhibiting the greatest disparity. Care for complications was generally costly, although costs varied significantly by country and problem type. Discussion This study revealed substantial heterogeneity in diabetes treatment costs; some could be reduced by improving data collection, analysis, and reporting procedures. Diabetes is an expensive disease to treat in low- and middle-income countries, and attaining Universal Health Coverage should be a priority for the global health community.

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“…Additionally, insulin resistance associated with obesity contributes to the development of other cardiovascular risk factors, including dyslipidemia, hypertension [ 4 , 5 ]. These problems play a significant role in the rise in early morbidity and death among the patients with diabetes, which results in a reduction of life expectancy and a huge financial load on the Indian healthcare system as complications of DM increase the total cost [ 6 , 7 ]. As a result, physicians, and researchers from all over the world are working to investigate novel therapeutic options for T2DM and to produce new data that will aid in improving the management of this chronic condition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Dapagliflozin as Add-On to Metformin with or without Other Oral Antidiabetic Drugs in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Multicentre, Retrospective, Real-World Database Study

Sethi,

Sahay,

Tiwaskar

et al. 2023

Drugs - Real World Outcomes

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Background Real-world Indian studies evaluating effectiveness of dapagliflozin as an add-on to other oral antidiabetic drugs (OAD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) are scarce. Methods An electronic medical record (EMR)-based, retrospective, multicentre study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of dapagliflozin as add-on therapy in adult patients with inadequately controlled DM on metformin with or without other OAD. Baseline characteristics (visit 1: metformin or metformin plus OAD treatment for at least 30 days) and treatment-related outcomes (visit 2: follow-up) considered between 60 and 140 days after adding/switching dapagliflozin [glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP)] were analysed. Results A total of 3616 patients were screened from 478 centres. Most patients had received dapagliflozin (D) + metformin (M) + at least one other OAD [D + M + OAD, n = 2907 (80.4%), 408 followed-up with HbA1c reported], while 709 patients (19.6%, 138 followed-up with HbA1c reported) received dapagliflozin + metformin (D + M). Treatment with dapagliflozin as an add-on therapy resulted in significant change in HbA1c (−1.1 ± 1.44%; p < 0.05 for HbA1c subgroup ≥ 7.5%; −1.6 ± 1.41%; p < 0.05 for HbA1c subgroup ≥ 8%) at visit 2 compared with visit 1. Significant change in body weight (−1.4 ± 3.31 kg; p < 0.05 for HbA1c subgroup ≥ 7.5%; − 1.5 ± 3.22 kg; p < 0.05 for HbA1c subgroup ≥ 8%) was observed at visit 2. Similarly, a significant change in BMI was noted for the HbA1c subgroup ≥ 7.5% (−1.0 ± 8.38 kg/m 2 ). However, the change in BMI in the HbA1c subgroup ≥ 8% was noted to be −1.4 ± 10.4 kg/m 2 , which was not statistically significant ( p = 0.08). In the overall study population, significant change in the SBP (−4.5 ± 14.9 mmHg; p < 0.05 for HbA1c subgroup ≥ 7.5%; −4.5 ± 15.1 mmHg; p < 0.0001 for HbA1c subgroup ≥ 8%) was observed at visit 2 compared with visit 1. On identical lines, significant change in DBP (−1.5 ± 8.94 mmHg; p < 0.05 for HbA1c subgroup ≥ 7.5%; −1.4 ± 8.91 mmHg; p < 0.05 for HbA1c subgroup ≥ 8%) was noted. Conclusions Dapagliflozin showed significant improvement in glycemic parameter, BMI and BP when added to metformin, with or without other OADs in a real-world scenario.

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An economic evaluation of diabetes mellitus in India: A systematic review

Cited by 11 publications

References 17 publications

A Review on Affordable Combinations in Type 2 Diabetes Care: Exploring the Cost-Effective Potential of Glipizide + Metformin and Glimepiride + Metformin + Pioglitazone

A Review on Affordable Combinations in Type 2 Diabetes Care: Exploring the Cost-Effective Potential of Glipizide + Metformin and Glimepiride + Metformin + Pioglitazone

A systematic review of the economic burden of diabetes mellitus: contrasting perspectives from high and low middle-income countries

Effectiveness of Dapagliflozin as Add-On to Metformin with or without Other Oral Antidiabetic Drugs in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Multicentre, Retrospective, Real-World Database Study

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