“…The modeled biological species are typically found in the Songhua River aquatic ecosystem, consisting of three phytoplankton populations, one macrophyte, two zooplankton populations, one benthic insect population, (Grimaldi and Leduc, 1973;Chambers and Kalff, 1985;Lacasse and Magnan, 1992;Tang and Peters, 1995;Bartell et al, 1999;USEPA, 2004aUSEPA, , 2004bUSEPA, , 2004c. The initial biomass of the modeled organisms was obtained from history, observed data or approximately estimated through history records (Ren, 1981;Songliao Water Conservancy Committee, 1994).…”