“…Quantitative estimation of fluxes of recharging or discharging water provides fundamental information. To date, fluid fluxes were estimated in various environments, such as lakes [e.g., Shaw et al , 1990; Taniguchi and Fukuo , 1996], coastal zones [e.g., Cable et al , 1996; Moore , 1996; Spinelli et al , 2002; Taniguchi et al , 2002], submarine hydrothermal areas [e.g., Schultz et al , 1992, 1996; Cooper et al , 2000], and accretionary prisms in subduction zones [e.g., Carson et al , 1990; Tryon et al , 2001], with seepage meters, diffuse flowmeters, piezometers, and by chemical tracer methods.…”