An effect of the Zn3d-states on UV and X-ray spectra in ZnO

Unraveling the conduction mechanism of Al-doped ZnO films by valence band soft x-ray photoemission spectroscopy

“…For a given photon energy, we observe that the overall spectra are almost independent of doping. These data match the VB PES results previously published for undoped single crystals [11][12][13] and powdered 14 ZnO. In addition, our results provide a comparison between the VB PES spectra of undoped and Al-doped ZnO thin films.…”

Nanowires of metal oxides for gas sensing applications

“…The VB spectrum of the ZnO nanowires (Fig. 4) is identical to the one of bulk ZnO sample [11] and it was not changing after UHV annealing. It consists of a wide signal near the Fermi edge, attributable to the O 2s electronic level, and of a narrow signal at higher BE, attributable to the Zn 4d orbital.…”

Fabrication of photoluminescent ZnO/SBA-15 through directly dispersing zinc nitrate into the as-prepared mesoporous silica occluded with template

“…23 On the other hand, the binding energy of Zn3d electron in the sample of 20ZnO/SBA-15 is 11.2 eV (Fig. 9C), 1.55 eV higher than that of pure ZnO, which indicates the formation of Si-O-Zn bond, 24 since the Zn3d electrons usually participate in the covalent binding of ZnO 25 to give a binding energy value of 9.65 eV. samples exhibited an emission around 390 nm and among them the sample of 20ZnO/SBA-15 had the strongest intensity.…”