An effective electrical sensing scheme using AC electrothermal flow on a biosensor platform based on a carbon nanotube network

Lee, Won Cheol; Lee, Hoseok; Lim, Jaeheung; Park, Young June

doi:10.1063/1.4968593

Cited by 27 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Certain strategies have been conceived that aim to speed up the detection process, some of which apply to cTnI detection techniques. Lee et al have implemented AC electrothermal flow into the design of a biosensor in an attempt to overcome the “diffusion limit” [144]. The exertion of electrokinetic forces on the fluid induces a stirring mechanism which affects small molecules, however, the response time for this biosensor remains quite high at 90 min.…”

Section: Impact Of Labelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Point-of-Care Compatibility of Ultra-Sensitive Detection Techniques for the Cardiac Biomarker Troponin I—Challenges and Potential Value

2018

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Cardiac biomarkers are frequently measured to provide guidance on the well-being of a patient in relation to cardiac health with many assays having been developed and widely utilised in clinical assessment. Effectively treating and managing cardiovascular disease (CVD) relies on swiftly responding to signs of cardiac symptoms, thus providing a basis for enhanced patient management and an overall better health outcome. Ultra-sensitive cardiac biomarker detection techniques play a pivotal role in improving the diagnostic capacity of an assay and thus enabling a better-informed decision. However, currently, the typical approach taken within healthcare depends on centralised laboratories performing analysis of cardiac biomarkers, thus restricting the roll-out of rapid diagnostics. Point-of-care testing (POCT) involves conducting the diagnostic test in the presence of the patient, with a short turnaround time, requiring small sample volumes without compromising the sensitivity of the assay. This technology is ideal for combatting CVD, thus the formulation of ultra-sensitive assays and the design of biosensors will be critically evaluated, focusing on the feasibility of these techniques for point-of-care (POC) integration. Moreover, there are several key factors, which in combination, contribute to the development of ultra-sensitive techniques, namely the incorporation of nanomaterials for sensitivity enhancement and manipulation of labelling methods. This review will explore the latest developments in cardiac biomarker detection, primarily focusing on the detection of cardiac troponin I (cTnI). Highly sensitive detection of cTnI is of paramount importance regarding the rapid rule-in/rule-out of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Thus the challenges encountered during cTnI measurements are outlined in detail to assist in demonstrating the drawbacks of current commercial assays and the obstructions to standardisation. Furthermore, the added benefits of introducing multi-biomarker panels are reviewed, several key biomarkers are evaluated and the analytical benefits provided by multimarkers-based methods are highlighted.

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Section: Impact Of Labelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 3 and Figure 4: [37,38,48,49,50,57,58,61,65,66,68,69,70,71,74,84,85,86,87,88,89,93,94,95,96,97,104,105,111,112,115,116,117,120,121,122,123,125,126,127,128,130,132,133,134,136,138,144,145,148,150,151,159,161,174,175,176,184,185,186,187,188,189,190,…”

Section: Reprinting Figuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Point-of-Care Compatibility of Ultra-Sensitive Detection Techniques for the Cardiac Biomarker Troponin I—Challenges and Potential Value

2018

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“…[24] Numerical studies by Sigurdson et al further showed that electrothermally induced micro-stirring inside microchannels can improve antigen-antibody binding for flow-through assays. [25] ACEF has also been shown to enhance the performance of electrical biosensors for the detection of nucleic acids [26] and proteins; [27] however, these approaches involve multiple incubation steps requiring > 30 min and are unable to achieve single pg mL À 1 sensitivity in whole blood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrafast Electrothermal Flow‐Enhanced Magneto Biosensor for Highly Sensitive Protein Detection in Whole Blood

Lillehoj

2022

Angewandte Chemie

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Current diagnostic tests for sensitive protein detection rely on immunological techniques, such as ELISA, which require sample purification, multiple washing steps and lengthy incubation, hindering their use for rapid testing. Here, we report a simple electrothermal flow-enhanced biosensor for ultrafast, high sensitivity measurements of protein biomarkers in whole blood. Magnetic nanobeads dually-labeled with a detection antibody and enzyme reporter are used to form immunocomplexes with the target protein, which are readily transported to the sensor via magnetic concentration. The incorporation of electrothermal flows enhances immunocomplex formation, allowing for rapid and sensitive detection without requiring blood purification or lengthy incubation. Proof of concept was carried out using Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2), a malaria parasite biomarker, which could be detected at concentrations as low as 5.7 pg mL À 1 (95 fM) in whole blood in 7 min. The speed, sensitivity and simplicity of this device make it attractive for rapid diagnostic testing.

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“…The significance of 3D nanostructured surfaces for immunoassay based current sensing was revealed by Lee et al using a field effect transistor configuration 57 . They utilized carbon nanotube networks decorated with gold nanoparticles, which acted as the actual attaching sites for the probe molecules.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In most cases, the surface of the hydrophilic substrate, where the sensors are held, is conjugated with receptors, resulting in low quantities of binding cites on the sensor region. This is due to adhesive forces which cause the receptor assays to spread out over the sensor region 57 . Therefore, localization of the receptors on an electrode surface is the key parameter to fabricate a high-performance immunosensor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Nanomolecules by an AC Electrothermal Flow Facilitated Impedance Immunosensor

et al. 2020

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Conventional immunosensors typically rely on passive diffusion dominated transport of analytes for binding reaction and hence, it is limited by low sensitivity and long detection times. We report a simple and efficient impedance sensing method that can be utilized to overcome both sensitivity and diffusion limitations of immunosensors. This method incorporates the structural advantage of nanorod-covered interdigitated electrodes and the microstirring effect of AC electrothermal flow (ACET) with impedance spectroscopy. ACET flow induced by a biased AC electric field can rapidly convect the analyte onto nanorod structured electrodes within a few seconds and enriches the number of binding molecules because of excessive effective surface area. We performed numerical simulations to investigate the effect of ACET flow on the biosensor performance. The results indicated that AC bias to the side electrodes could induce fast convective flow, which facilitates the transport of the target molecules to the binding region located in the middle as a floating electrode. The temperature rise due to the Joule heating effect was measured using a thermoreflectance imaging method to find the optimum device operation conditions. The change of impedance caused by the receptors-target molecules binding at the sample/electrode interface was experimentally measured and quantified in real-time using the impedance spectroscopy technique. We observed that the impedance sensing method exhibited extremely fast response compared with those under no bias conditions. The measured impedance change can reach saturation in a minute. Compared to the conventional incubation method, the ACET flow enhanced method is faster in its reaction time, and the detection limit can be reduced to 1 ng/ml.In this work, we demonstrate that this sensor technology is promising and reliable for rapid, sensitive, and real-time monitoring biomolecules in biologically relevant media such as blood, urine, and saliva.

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An effective electrical sensing scheme using AC electrothermal flow on a biosensor platform based on a carbon nanotube network

Cited by 27 publications

References 21 publications

Point-of-Care Compatibility of Ultra-Sensitive Detection Techniques for the Cardiac Biomarker Troponin I—Challenges and Potential Value

Point-of-Care Compatibility of Ultra-Sensitive Detection Techniques for the Cardiac Biomarker Troponin I—Challenges and Potential Value

Ultrafast Electrothermal Flow‐Enhanced Magneto Biosensor for Highly Sensitive Protein Detection in Whole Blood

Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Nanomolecules by an AC Electrothermal Flow Facilitated Impedance Immunosensor

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