An Effective Skin Cancer Classification Mechanism via Medical Vision Transformer

Abstract

Skin Cancer (SC) is considered the deadliest disease in the world, killing thousands of people every year. Early SC detection can increase the survival rate for patients up to 70%, hence it is highly recommended that regular head-to-toe skin examinations are conducted to determine whether there are any signs or symptoms of SC. The use of Machine Learning (ML)-based methods is having a significant impact on the classification and detection of SC diseases. However, there are certain challenges associated with the accurate classification of these diseases such as a lower detection accuracy, poor generalization of the models, and an insufficient amount of labeled data for training. To address these challenges, in this work we developed a two-tier framework for the accurate classification of SC. During the first stage of the framework, we applied different methods for data augmentation to increase the number of image samples for effective training. As part of the second tier of the framework, taking into consideration the promising performance of the Medical Vision Transformer (MVT) in the analysis of medical images, we developed an MVT-based classification model for SC. This MVT splits the input image into image patches and then feeds these patches to the transformer in a sequence structure, like word embedding. Finally, Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) is used to classify the input image into the corresponding class. Based on the experimental results achieved on the Human Against Machine (HAM10000) datasets, we concluded that the proposed MVT-based model achieves better results than current state-of-the-art techniques for SC classification.

Hypertension Diagnosis with Backpropagation Neural Networks for Sustainability in Public Health

“…There are several techniques for the diagnosis of hypertension among them SVM, Navie Bayes, which we analyzed and compared, adding the following comparatives Tables 11 and 12. [30][31][32][33].…”

“…The paper presented a skin cancer detection system using a support vector machine (SVM), which helps in early detection of skin cancer disease. They used traditional image processing and feature engineering methods for effective feature selection and support vector machine (SVM) algorithms for feature classification [32].…”

“…Performance evaluation was carried out using four different classifiers such as decision tree (DT), k-nearest neighbour (KNN), (KNN) tree, boosted decision tree (BT) and SVM. The classification was performed using the relevant vector machine and SVM classifier, which achieved 92.4% [32]. The authors make a comparison with other classifiers.…”

Recent Progress in Transformer-based Medical Image Analysis

“…For mainstream classification and segmentation, we further divide them Figure 6: Examples of all the modalities included in this work. Sequences are X-ray [28], US [36], MRI [37], CT [38], WCE [39], OCT [40], fundus camera [41], camera [42], scanner [43], microscope [44], dermoscopic [45], colonoscopy [46], and laryngoscopy [47]. Images are preprocessed to greyscale to prevent readers from being uncomfortable.…”

“…Dermoscopic. Aladhadh et al [45] developed an MVT-based framework based on transformer to classify skin dermoscopic images using the HAM10000 dataset [87]. Different data augmentation methods are introduced to extend the dataset, including image flip, scaling, rotation, and contrast.…”