An effective transmit packet coding with trust-based relay nodes in VANETs

Abstract

Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) are characterized by limited network resources such as limited bandwidth and battery capacity. Hence, it is necessary that unnecessary use of network resources (such as unnecessary packet transfers) is reduced in such networks so that the available power can be conserved for efficient multicast communications. In this paper, we have presented a Transmit Packet Coding (TPC) Network Coding in VANET to ensure reliable and efficient multicasting. With network coding, the number of transmitted packets over the network can be reduced, ensuring efficient utilization of network devices and resources. Here, the trust-based graph optimization is performed using Cuckoo search algorithm to select the secure relay nodes. The experimental results showed the superiority of the presented approach compared to the existing techniques in terms of throughput, latency, hop delay, packet delivery ratio, network decoder outage probability, and block error rate.

Analysis of LTE physical channels overhead

“…MAC layer used to map the transport channels to physical channels and it performs scheduling functions in eNB every TTI by assigning RBs to mobile subscribers. The scheduler also determines different transmission parameters like transmitted power and modulation/coding scheme (MCS) which pointed to as radio link adaptation [7,[17][18][19][20]. LTE supports various MCS which can be changed per 1 ms subframe based on wireless channel conditions and interference.…”

Abnormal activity detection in surveillance video scenes

“…The classification of (KNN), meant that the most anonymous pattern assigned the most prevalent classes among the nearest neighbors' classes. In [24,25] if there are two classes linked, the link of the lowest average distance assigned to the anonymous pattern [26,27].…”

A hybrid control system for investigating a high level of decision in IoT

“…The Control systems are usually found in a number of practical applications manage people life, such as refineries robotics, manufacturing plants, chemical, traffic control [1,2], automated control system [3,4], power systems, and space applications just to mention a few [5][6][7]. Resources can employees to successfully realize their tasks and targets, as a way to consolidate their well-being and their ability to do well [8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. The aim of any electronic control system is to organize, monitor and process commands, guidance and regulate the behavior of other devices or systems using many types of control systems [15,16].…”

“…Open loop system works by simple input signals [16]. Its characteristics are not satisfactory in achieving the desired result of the system and observation so this system is too slow [9,17].…”

“…Other researchers were designed automatic street light control system uses transistor as switch. They used LDR, PIC161F877A and PIC16F877A microcontrollers in control system [9,[31][32][33][34][35].…”