An Efficient Algorithm for Spectral Analysis of Heart Rate Variability

Berger, Ronald D.; Akselrod, Solange; Gordon, David; Cohen, Richard J.

doi:10.1109/tbme.1986.325789

Cited by 756 publications

(315 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…All RR periods were digitised at 250 Hz using a PCbased acquisition system (LabView; National Instruments). The RR period series was then resampled at 5 Hz using a previously described method [31]. A series of overlapping segments each of 512 points and overlapping the previous segment by 78% was then obtained from the resampled periods.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disparity of autonomic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus

et al. 2004

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Aims/hypothesis: Acute insulinaemia activates the sympathetic drive in a nonuniform manner. The extent and nature of such activation in type 2 diabetic patients who do not have neuropathy have not yet been addressed despite evidence relating sympathetic activation to cardiovascular risk. We planned to determine the magnitude and extent of the sympathetic drive and its reflex responses in patients with type 2 diabetes and fasting hyperinsulinaemia. Methods: We measured resting muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) as the mean frequency of multiunit bursts and single unit muscle sympathetic nerve activity (s-MSNA) in 17 overweight patients with type 2 diabetes and two matched normal control groups comprising 17 overweight and 16 normal-weight subjects. We also tested the MSNA and s-MSNA responses to cold pressor and isometric hand-grip tests, along with the effect of sympatho-vagal balance on heart period variability. Results: Both MSNA and s-MSNA in the group with type 2 diabetes (66±3.5 bursts/100 beats and 78±4.5 impulses/100 beats) were greater (at least p<0.0001) than in the overweight control group (42±2.6 bursts/100 beats and 48±3.4 impulses/100 beats) and normal-weight control group (43±6.2 bursts/100 beats and 51±7.1 impulses/100 beats), though the three groups had similar reflex responses, baroreflex sensitivity and sympathovagal balance controlling the heart period. Conclusions/ interpretation: The patients with type 2 diabetes had no evidence of impaired reflex or autonomic control of heart period variability at a time when there was central sympathetic activation to the periphery. Furthermore, being overweight itself was not associated with sympathetic activation.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disparity of autonomic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus

et al. 2004

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“…Beatstream files, representing the time and classification of each QRS complex, were transferred to a Sun computer (Sun Microsystems, Palo Alto, CA), where careful HRV analysis were performed using previously reported and validated techniques (8,9). The longest and shortest true normal-to-normal (N-N) intervals were identified for each tape, and intervals outside of these limits, as well as all ectopic beats, were excluded from all calculations and plots.…”

Section: Analysis Of Holter Recordingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of more erratic heart rate patterns is associated with mortality post–myocardial infarction

Stein

Domitrovich

2008

Journal of Electrocardiology

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Cardiac patients often have sinus arrhythmia of non-respiratory origin [erratic sinus rhythm" (ESR)]. ESR was quantified using hourly Poincaré and power spectral HRV plots from normal-to-normal interbeat intervals (N-Ns) and hourly values of the short-term fractal scaling exponent and correlations of N-Ns in N=60 non-survivors and N=66 randomly-selected survivors in the Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial. Hours were coded (ABN) as normal (0), borderline (0.5) or ESR (1). T-tests compared ABN for N=2413 paired hours at baseline and on therapy. ABN was higher in nonsurvivors (0.38 ± 0.44 vs. 0.28 ± 0.40, baseline and 0.51 ± 0.45 vs. 0.34 ± 0.43, on therapy, p<0.001). Increased ABN with treatment was greater in non-survivors. Normal hours at baseline (RR=0.77, 095% CI=0.62−0.96, p=0.018) and on treatment (RR=0.47, 95%CI=0.39−0.58) were significantly associated with decreased mortality compared to ESR. Quantification of ESR may identify more vulnerable patients or help monitor the effects of pharmacological treatment. Keywordsheart rate; risk factor; mortality; post-MI; anti-arrhythmic The analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) provides information about cardiac autonomic function. However, we have found that many older subjects and patients with cardiovascular disease have an increased beat-to-beat variability that is irregular and does not reflect underlying respiratory sinus arrhythmia (1). We have called this erratic rhythm. The presence of erratic rhythm, which is frequently episodic, increases values for short-term HRV indices such as rMSSD [root mean square of successive differences of normal-to-normal (N-N) interbeat intervals in ms], pNN50 [the % of N-N intervals >50 ms different from the previous interval) and high frequency power (the amount of variance in N-N intervals at respiratory frequencies, i.e., 0.15−0.4 Hz) that quantify beat-to-beat variability. Thus, in the presence of erratic rhythm, increased short-term HRV does not, as it does for younger people, necessarily reflect greater parasympathetic control of heart rate. A high prevalence of erratic rhythm may also explain why HRV measures that are believed to reflect parasympathetic function have relatively little predictive value for outcomes. At the same time, some "non-linear" HRV measures like the short-term fractal scaling exponent, (DFA1), and (SD12), the ratio of the axes of an ellipse fitted to the Poincaré plot do capture the presence of erratic rhythm (2,3).

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“…The 24-h RR-interval file was divided into consecutive 5-min segments. RR intervals were time equidistantly sampled at 4 Hz using an IPFM (integral pulse frequency modulation) algorithm [51,52] and linear interpolation was used for periods with invalid data. After editing, at least 70% of each 5-min segment should be available for HRV analysis to qualify.…”

Section: -H Spectral Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects on heart rate variability of metoprolol supplementary to ongoing ACE-inhibitor treatment in Type I diabetic patients with abnormal albuminuria

et al. 2002

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difference in heart rate between inspiration and expiration; LF, square root of power of the low frequency oscillation; LF power, power of the low frequency oscillation; Mean RR, mean of all normal RR intervals; Mean RR D-N, difference between awake and sleep time in mean RR; RSA, respiratory sinus arrhythmia; SDANN, standard deviation of the mean RR in all 5 min segments in a 24 h period; SDNN, standard deviation of all normal RR intervals; SDNN index, mean of SD's calculated on 5 min of RR intervals during a 24 h period; SE, standard error; sNN6%, number of successive RR interval differences > 6%, standardized to 24 h; sNN50, number of successive RR interval differences > 50 ms, standardized to 24 h; UAE, urine albumin excretion. AbstractAims/hypothesis. Diabetic nephropathy is associated with a high risk of cardiac mortality including sudden death. This is presumably related to an imbalance between sympathetic and parasympathetic tone resulting in a decreased heart rate variability (HRV). In nondiabetic patients a decreased HRV is known to be a strong predictor of cardiovascular death. Studies in non-diabetic patients have shown that β-blockers improve HRV parameters known to reflect parasympathetic function. The aim of our study was to investigate effects of additional β-blocker treatment on: cardiac autonomic function, blood pressure, and urine albumin excretion in ACE-inhibitor treated Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus patients with abnormal albuminuria. Methods. We studied the effects of 6 weeks treatment with metoprolol (100 mg once daily, zero order kinetics formulation) in 20 patients participating in a randomised, placebo controlled, double blind, crossover trial. Patients were simultaneously monitored under ambulatory conditions with 24-h Holter-monitoring, Corresponding author: Dr. E. Ebbehøj, Medical Department M (Diabetes and Endocrinology), Aarhus Kommunehospitalet, DK-8000 Aarhus Denmark, E-mail: e.ebbehoj@dadlnet.dk Abbreviations: AMBP, Ambulatory blood pressure; CCVHF, coefficient of component variance for HF; CCVLF, coefficient of component variance for LF; HF, square root of power of the high frequency oscillation; HF power, power of the high frequency oscillation; HRV, heart rate variability; HRV index, geometric index of total variability in a 24 h period; I-E diff, Diabetologia (2002) 45:965-975 DOI 10.1007 Effects on heart rate variability of metoprolol supplementary to ongoing ACE-inhibitor treatment in Type I diabetic patients with abnormal albuminuria 24-h ambulatory blood pressure recording, and 24-h fractionated urine collections. Heart rate variability was assessed by four different methods; ambulatory HRV analysis was carried out by spectral and time domain analysis, and on days of investigation short-term spectral analysis and bed-side tests were carried out. Results. Metoprolol treatment improved in vagal tone assessed by short-term spectral analysis. The 24-h ambulatory HRV analysis showed improvement in some parameters reflecting vagal function. A minor decrease in...

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An Efficient Algorithm for Spectral Analysis of Heart Rate Variability

Cited by 756 publications

References 6 publications

Disparity of autonomic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Disparity of autonomic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Development of more erratic heart rate patterns is associated with mortality post–myocardial infarction

Effects on heart rate variability of metoprolol supplementary to ongoing ACE-inhibitor treatment in Type I diabetic patients with abnormal albuminuria

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