“…Driven by market demands, the manufacturing industry is undergoing significant transformations. With the rapid development of information technology, such as web service, 1-4 cloud computing, [5][6][7][8] manufacturing technology, 9 manufacturing grid, 10 Internet of things, 11,12 and other networked manufacturing modes, cloud manufacturing (CMfg) is proposed and developed successfully. [13][14][15] The main purpose of CMfg is to provide user with on-demand, always-ready, high-quality and low-consumption service, which is available for product design, manufacturing, testing, simulation and maintenance, and other manufacturing lifecycle process.…”