“…The numerical methods, including finite element Galerkin method [5,8], collocation method [25] and pseudo-spectral method [16] for solving the EFK model had attracted many researchers. The numerical research in [11,12,13,14,15] are mainly focused on the Crank-Nicolson (CN) type schemes with uniform time-step. However, it is well known that the BDF method is a class of implicit methods for solving rigid differential equation numerical integrals.…”