An Efficient Hybrid Beamforming Design for Massive MIMO Receive Systems via SINR Maximization Based on an Improved Bat Algorithm

Abstract

Hybrid analog and digital (HAD) beamforming has been recently receiving considerable deserved attention for a practical implementation on the large-scale antenna systems. As compared to full digital beamforming, partial-connected HAD beamforming can significantly reduce the hardware cost, complexity, and power consumption. In this paper, in order to mitigate the jamming along with lowering the hardware complexity and cost by reducing the number of RF chains needed, a novel hybrid analog and digital receive beamformer based on an improved bat algorithm (I-BA) and the phaseonly is proposed. Our proposed beamformer is compared with robust adaptive beamformers (RABs) methods proposed by us, which are considered in the digital beamforming part. The evolutionary optimization algorithm is proposed since most of the RAB methods are sensitive to the DOA mismatch, and depending on the complex weights, resulting in an expensive receiver. In the analog part, analog phase alignment by linear searching (APALS) with a sufficiently fine grid of points is employed to optimize the analog beamformer matrix. The performance of the proposed I-BA is revealed using MATLAB simulation and compared with BA, and Particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms, which shows a better performance in terms of convergence speed, stability, and the ability to jump from the local minima.

Analysis of Outage Probability for Massive MIMO Systems Under Multi-Cell and Imperfect CSI Environments

“…Equation ( 18) implies that as N t approaches infinity, the variance of D becomes zero, indicating that the desired signal power in massive MIMO becomes deterministic with a large number of transmit antennas. Furthermore, the denominator predominantly influences the variance by I. Consequently, we attribute expected values to D and S, treating I as a random variable following the distribution outlined in equation (8). The outage probability pertains to the likelihood of the SINR dropping below a specified threshold.…”

“…SINR, a measure of transmission efficiency or rate, has been used in many existing studies to measure massive MIMO performance [6,7,8]. Outage probability, representing the probability of SINR falling below a predefined statistical threshold, is also a crucial metric for assessing system behavior and communication stability.…”

Recent advances of bat-inspired algorithm, its versions and applications

“…The BA in the domain of structural and mechanical engineering has shown powerful results in solving challenging problems such as Pin-jointed, cantilever beams plane frames, tubular columns, deflection minimization of I-beams, and truss system [ 21 , 73 , 141 , 189 , 262 ], structural engineering design [ 114 , 197 ], manufacturing services [ 82 , 314 ], tuning of mass dampers [ 37 ], and transport network design [ 279 ]. These applications are depicted in Fig.…”

Design Analysis of Adaptive Beamforming in a MIMO-millimeter Wave 5G Heterogeneous Wireless Network using Machine Learning Models

“…Fixed BF used a fixed set of weights and time delays to combine the signals using the information mainly about the locations of the sensors in space and the wave direction of interest, received from the sensors employed in the array pattern [16]. Adaptive BF or phased array was based upon the maximization signal at of the desired the main lobe provided by the maximum output SINR of beamformer and minimization of the interference signal [17][18][19] proposed to avoid the mismatch of DOA by adaptive beamformer and hence, to optimize its weights using the analog phase alignment by linear searching [36]. Hedi Khammari et al provided an algorithm for allocating the resources as well as for designing the hybrid BF, and discussed K-mean unsupervised ML algorithm for optimal users grouping to reduce the feedback overhead.…”