An efficient method for undifferenced BDS-2/BDS-3 high-rate clock estimation

Cao, Xinyun; Kuang, Kaifa; Ge, Yulong; Shen, Fei; Zhang, Shoujian; Li, Jiancheng

doi:10.1007/s10291-022-01252-0

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Based on Equation (11), the carrier phase equation of the BDS-3 and GPS systems is expressed as follows [ 24 ]:

…”

Section: Rtk Positioning Model Of Non-differenced Error Correctionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on Robust Adaptive RTK Positioning of Low-Cost Smart Terminals

Zhu,

Fan,

et al. 2024

Sensors

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The performance of low-cost smart terminals is limited by the performance of their low-cost Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) hardware and chips, as well as by the impact of complex urban environments, which affect the positioning accuracy and stability of GNSS services. To this end, this paper proposes a robust adaptive Kalman filter for different environments that can be applied after data preprocessing. Based on the Kalman filter algorithm, a robust estimation approach is introduced into real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning to make judgments on the abnormal observation values of low-cost smart terminals, which amplifies the variance and covariance of the outlier observation equation, and reduces the impact of outliers on positioning performance. The Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics III (IGG III) function is used for regulation purposes, where prior information is modified and refreshed using the equivalent weight matrix and adaptive factors, thus reducing the impact of system model errors on system state estimation results. In addition, a robust factor is defined to adjust positioning deviation weighting between the pre- and post-test robust estimates. The experimental results show that after robust RTK positioning in the static experiments, the overall improvement in positioning accuracies of the Xiaomi 8, Huawei P40, Huawei mate40, and low-cost M8 receiver reached 29.6%, 31.3%, 32.1%, and 30.7%, respectively. Similarly, after applying the proposed robust method in the dynamic experiments, the overall positioning accuracies of the Xiaomi 8, Huawei P40, Huawei mate40, and the low-cost M8 receiver improved by 28.3%, 32.9%, 35.4%, and 26.2%, respectively. The experimental results reveal that an excellent positioning effect of a smartphone is positively correlated with robust RTK positioning performance. However, it is worth noting that when the positioning accuracy reaches a high level, such as the positioning results achieved using low-cost receivers, the robustness performance shows a relatively decreasing trend. This finding suggests that under the condition of high positioning accuracy, the sensitivity of specific positioning equipment to interference sources may increase, resulting in a decline in the effect of robust RTK positioning.

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“…Based on Equation (11), the carrier phase equation of the BDS-3 and GPS systems is expressed as follows [ 24 ]:

…”

Section: Rtk Positioning Model Of Non-differenced Error Correctionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on Robust Adaptive RTK Positioning of Low-Cost Smart Terminals

Zhu,

Fan,

et al. 2024

Sensors

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show abstract

“…The frequency of BDS satellite clocks drift to some extent with frequency changes, especially for RAFS; therefore, their models are usually fitted by means of a quadratic polynomial model [25]:…”

Section: Main Performance Metrics Of the Satellite Atomic Clock (1) F...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Long-Term Characteristics of BDS On-Orbit Satellite Atomic Clock: Since BDS-3 Was Officially Commissioned

Liang¹,

Xu²,

Wu³

et al. 2022

Remote Sensing

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Satellite atomic clocks are the key elements for position, navigation, and timing services of the Global navigation satellite system (GNSS); it is necessary to research the characteristics of BDS-3 on-orbit satellite atomic clocks for their further optimization. In this study, clock offset data with a duration of 620 days since BDS-3 was officially commissioned were applied to long-term characteristic analysis. To begin with, the precision clock offset data of Deutsches geoforschungs zentrum (GFZ) processed by a MAD-based method were used as reliable test data. Herein, the working principle and main characteristics of satellite atomic clocks are analyzed and discussed, and thus, a comprehensive long-term characteristic analysis scheme is designed. On this basis, the performance indicators—mainly including physical parameters, periodic characteristics, frequency drift rate, frequency accuracy, frequency stability—were calculated and analyzed respectively, revealing the long-term characteristics of the BDS in orbit satellite atomic clocks during the test period. The results of experimental data testify that the performance of BDS-3 satellite atomic clocks is significantly superior to that of BDS-2, especially in terms of drift rate and frequency stability, and the performance of passive hydrogen maser (PHM) is generally superior to that of rubidium atomic frequency standards (RAFS). Within about half a year since BDS-3 was officially commissioned, the frequency stability of BDS-3 satellite atomic clock gradually improved and then reached the order of 10−15, reflecting the effectiveness of system maintenance and inter-satellite link. Furthermore, some novel conclusions are drawn, such as the long-term period term of the fitting residual and drift rate, which may be caused by the earth’s revolution.

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“…In 2020, based on the existing indices related to space signal and service performance, Liu et al analyzed the spatial signal quality of the BDS-3 and verified its excellent service performance, to assist the system to realize the subsequent technical development [ 6 ]. From 2021 to 2023, Mi et al, Cao et al, Yang et al, and Guo et al evaluated the service performance of the BDS-3, including positioning, navigation, timing (PNT) [ 7 , 8 ], and various indices [ 9 ], and discussed the development directions for the system [ 10 ] in complex electromagnetic environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation methods of BDS-3 ground-segment defensive capability oriented to satellite navigation countermeasures

Wang,

Sun,

Wang

et al. 2024

Heliyon

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An efficient method for undifferenced BDS-2/BDS-3 high-rate clock estimation

Cited by 18 publications

References 30 publications

Research on Robust Adaptive RTK Positioning of Low-Cost Smart Terminals

Research on Robust Adaptive RTK Positioning of Low-Cost Smart Terminals

Analysis of the Long-Term Characteristics of BDS On-Orbit Satellite Atomic Clock: Since BDS-3 Was Officially Commissioned

Evaluation methods of BDS-3 ground-segment defensive capability oriented to satellite navigation countermeasures

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