An efficient or methodical review of immunotherapy against breast cancer

Abstract

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most widespread malignancies in women worldwide. Breast cancer is mainly classified into a few key molecular subtypes in accordance with hormone and growth factor receptor expression, etc. In spite of numerous advances in the remedy of breast cancer, the development of metastatic disease remains an untreatable and repeated basis of cancer death for women. Preclinical and clinical studies of immunotherapy in cancer remedy have been in progress for the past quite a few decades by an effort to accelerate, augment, and modulate the immune system to spot and devastate cancer cells. Advancement of cancer immunotherapy is rapidly increasing with eminent and most interesting therapy compared to other therapy like targeted therapy, cytotoxic chemotherapy, radiation as well as surgery. Cancer immunotherapy, also known as biological therapy, which denotes the controlling and by means of the patient's own immune system to goal the cancer cells rather than using an extrinsic therapy. In that way, focusing of cancer immunotherapy developing mediators that stimulates or enhances the immune system's recognition and destroying the cancer cells. This review describes a holistic outlook and deeper understanding of the biology of immunotherapy within the system of tumor microenvironment of breast cancer that improve clinical research and constructive impact on the study conclusion.

Identification and Verification of Key Tumor Genes Associated with Diagnosis and Prognosis of Breast Cancer Based on Bioinformatics Analysis

“…BC is the most common malignant tumor in females across the world [ 13 , 14 ], despite the fact that the quantity of BC survivors is increasing because of timely diagnoses and ameliorated therapeutic regimens [ 15 , 16 ]. Nevertheless, the quantity of females experiencing relapse related to unexpected prognoses posterior to the diagnoses of the primary cancer, like metastasis and unsatisfactory life quality, is elevating as well [ 17 , 18 ]. Hence, the determination of noninvasive biological markers with remarkable sensitiveness and specificness for timely BC identification and the surveillance of the responsiveness to treatment is essential for the amelioration of prognoses.…”

Targeting interleukin-13 receptor α2 (IL-13Rα2) for glioblastoma therapy with surface functionalized nanocarriers

“…Previously, immunotherapy has shown effective outcomes in the treatment and management of metastatic tumors based on lymphocytic recognition of cancers cells and its consecutive destruction by immune system (Guanghui et al., 2019 ; Baxevanis et al., 2021 ). The immunotherapy strategies for the glioblastoma treatment include immune check point inhibition, adoptive transfer of effector lymphocytes and vaccination (Alard et al., 2020 ; Sangro et al., 2021 ).…”

MNCR and JPX lncRNAs have a significant oncogenic and biomarker role in the Isfahan Breast cancer population by regulating the MYC expression level: An integrated bioinformatics and experimental approach

“…Some of the cancers related to MINCR expression are colon cancer, gallbladder cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and OSCC, tumor suppressors, liver neoplasms, and lung cancer can operate [2], [13], [16], [17]. MYC, originally named cmyc, is a fundamental transcription factor and proto-oncogene that regulates the expression of human genes, and becomes active in 20% of all human tumors [4], [18], [19]. The MYC gene is located on chromosome 8q24.1 [15].…”