“…A commonly employed local statistics approach involves partitioning the collected image into uniform blocks and aggregating the palmprint image features through the local characteristics of each small block. For instance, Chen et al [15] investigated multispectral images using block statistics, enhancing the recognition system's accuracy by combining features from various frequency bands. Minaee et al [16] applied Gabor transformation to extract meaningful information features in the spatial domain, achieving a commendable recognition effect based on block statistics.…”