An Efficient Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Interface Circuit Using a Sense-and-Set Rectifier

This paper is a review and synthetic overlook of existing energy harvesting circuits and techniques for piezoelectric energy scavengers. We provide a hierarchical presentation based on functional analysis to distinguish between existing solutions which may look superficially similar but prove to perform very differently in practice. Based on this hierarchical presentation, definitions of topologies, architectures and techniques are given in order to avoid redundancy among existing and future solutions. Then, after a thorough and unified mathematical analysis of the general problem to address, we present a comparison of the conditions for each technique to maximize the power flow from an external vibration source to an electrical load. This analysis is meant to help researchers and engineers make optimal choices for effective implementation of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT).

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“…[99] [100][101] [102]. Often, the SSHC technique replaces the inductor by switched capacitors, for integrated circuit implementation[100] [101].…”

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confidence: 99%

Maximum power point of piezoelectric energy harvesters: a review of optimality condition for electrical tuning

Brenes

Morel

Jerome

et al. 2020

Smart Mater. Struct.

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“…A complex control unit was required in this design and measured performance parameters fall behind E-SSHI circuit presented in this work. Peng [24] proposed a novel harvesting interface called sense-and-set (SaS) rectifier which continuously monitors PEH's charge generation and tries to keep battery voltage at optimum. Due to technology limitation, SaS circuit stops tracking optimum point after battery voltage passes 2 V. In addition, 1 mH external inductor increases system volume.…”

Section: Measurement Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Voltage source V MC = ma/ represents the alternating (sinusoidal) input excitation force of the harvester ( is the electromechanical coupling factor, a is the acceleration, and m is the mass of the piezoelectric beam). L MC = m/ 2 is related to effective mass, R MC = d/ 2 represents the damping, C MC = 2 /K gives effect of piezoelectric stiffness K , and C PZ is the inherent piezoelectric harvester capacitance [4], [23], [24]. Provided that the harvester is lowly coupled and/or highly damped, PEH model presented in Fig.…”

Section: B Output Power Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Self-Powered and Area Efficient SSHI Rectifier for Piezoelectric Harvesters

et al. 2021

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This article presents an area efficient fully autonomous piezoelectric energy harvesting system to scavenge energy from periodic vibrations. Extraction rectifier utilized in the system is based on synchronized switch harvesting on inductor (SSHI) technique which enables system to outperform standard passive rectifiers. Compared to conventional SSHI circuits, enhanced SSHI (E-SSHI) system proposed in this paper uses a single low-profile external inductor in the range of µH's to reduce overall system cost and volume, hence broadening application areas of such harvesting systems. Furthermore, E-SSHI does not include any negative voltage converter circuit and therefore, it offers area efficient AC/DC rectification. Detection of optimal voltage flipping times in E-SSHI technique is conducted autonomously without any external calibration. Energy transfer circuit provides control over how much energy is delivered from E-SSHI output to electronic load. The proposed system is fabricated in 180 nm CMOS process with 0.28 mm 2 active area. It is tested using a commercial piezoelectric transducer MIDE V22BL with periodic excitation. Measured results reveal that E-SSHI circuit is capable of extracting up to 5.23 and 4.02 times more power compared with an ideal full-bridge rectifier at 0.87 V and 2.6 V piezoelectric open circuit voltage amplitudes (V OC,P ), respectively. A maximum voltage flipping efficiency of 93% is observed at V OC,P = 3.6 V, owing to minimized losses on charge flipping path. Measured results are compared with stateof-the-art interface circuits. Comparison shows that E-SSHI design offers a huge step towards miniaturized harvesting systems thanks to its low-profile and fully autonomous design.INDEX TERMS Autonomous, low-profile, piezoelectric energy harvester, SSHI, optimal charge flipping, area efficient, IC.

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“…Energy harvesters (EHs) are based on converting an alternative energy source to electrical energy [ 1 ]. Among others, photovoltaic, thermoelectric [ 2 ], piezoelectric [ 3 , 4 ], acoustic [ 5 ], triboelectric [ 6 ] or electromagnetic generators [ 7 , 8 ] are widely used for this purpose. Supplying the IC by using an appropriate EH allows the whole device to become energetically autonomous.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Voltage DC-DC Converter for IoT and On-Chip Energy Harvester Applications

Potocny¹,

Kovac²,

Arbet³

et al. 2021

Sensors

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The power saving issue and clean energy harvesting for wireless and cost-affordable electronics (e.g., IoT applications, sensor nodes or medical implants), have recently become attractive research topics. With this in mind, the paper addresses one of the most important parts of the energy conversion system chain – the power management unit. The core of such a unit will be formed by an inductorless, low-voltage DC-DC converter based on the cross-coupled dynamic-threshold charge pump topology. The charge pump utilizes a power-efficient ON/OFF regulation feedback loop, specially designed for strict low-voltage start-up conditions by a driver booster. Taken together, they serve as the masters to control the charge pump output (up to 600 mV), depending on the voltage value produced by a renewable energy source available in the environment. The low-power feature is also ensured by a careful design of the hysteresis-based bulk-driven comparator and fully integrated switched-capacitor voltage divider, omitting the static power consumption. The presented converter can also employ the on-chip RF-based energy harvester for use in a wireless power transfer system.

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An Efficient Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Interface Circuit Using a Sense-and-Set Rectifier

Cited by 32 publications

References 15 publications

Maximum power point of piezoelectric energy harvesters: a review of optimality condition for electrical tuning

Maximum power point of piezoelectric energy harvesters: a review of optimality condition for electrical tuning

A Self-Powered and Area Efficient SSHI Rectifier for Piezoelectric Harvesters

Low-Voltage DC-DC Converter for IoT and On-Chip Energy Harvester Applications

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