An Eight-Year Study of Population Dynamics and Life-History Variation of the "Biennial" Carlina vulgaris

Klinkhamer, Peter G. L.; Jong, Tom J. de; Heiden, J.L.H. de

doi:10.2307/3546249

Cited by 33 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Carlina vulgaris is confined to more or less open, dry, and nutrient-poor habitats, and typically occurs in calcareous grasslands but also in coastal dunes (Ko¨rner and Meusel 1986;Hegi 1987;Klinkhamer et al 1996). It is distributed throughout Siberia, the Caucasus, Asia Minor, and most of Europe northwards to ca.…”

Section: Study Speciesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…All plants dying during the study period were registered, and survival until the second growing season was taken as the probability of surviving to reproduction, since C. vulgaris does not reproduce before this age under natural conditions (Klinkhamer et al 1991(Klinkhamer et al , 1996. Thus, the ten plants that had flowered and died already in 2001 were not included in the analysis of survival until the second growing season, since that would not make sense for a monocarpic species.…”

Section: Populations and Plant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The insect-pollinated, mainly outcrossed florets are produced from June to October. Seeds (achenes) have a small pappus and are presumably dispersed over rather short distances, and there seems to be no persistent seed bank (Verkaar and Schenkeveld 1984;Hegi 1987;Klinkhamer et al 1991Klinkhamer et al , 1996Rose et al 2002;Franze´n and Eriksson 2003).…”

Section: Study Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ke´ry et al 2000). Moreover, since C. vulgaris is a relatively poorly dispersed species (Klinkhamer et al 1996;Franze´n and Eriksson 2003), low interpopulation gene flow and, consequently, population differentiation with regard to plasticity are likely.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Phenotypic plasticity in Carlina vulgaris: effects of geographical origin, population size, and population isolation

2005

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If phenotypic plasticity is under genetic control, it may vary in amount and pattern on a geographical scale, e.g. among different regions of a species' distribution. It may also differ between large and small or between less and more isolated populations, due to differences in genetic diversity. In a 2-year common garden study, the responses of several traits to drought and fertilizer treatments were studied in the grassland herb Carlina vulgaris. Individuals originating from populations of different size and degree of isolation in six European countries, representing "central" and "marginal" regions, were compared. Fertilizing had a negative effect on early plant survival, as well as on flowering probability in surviving plants. However, in those plants that flowered, fertilizing strongly increased mean number of flowerheads, flowerhead area (a correlate of seed number), and seed mass. Drought had generally weaker effects but enhanced survivorship, indicating that this treatment was closer to optimal conditions than were non-drought conditions. For some traits there were significant interactions of region x fertilizer, but the geographical pattern of reaction norms was inconsistent and lent no support to the hypothesis that central and marginal populations differ in overall plasticity. Population size and isolation had hardly any influence on treatment responses, but populations within regions differed in their mean response to fertilizing with regard to survival and flowering probabilities, as well as in their response to drought with regard to survival and total flowerhead area. It is concluded that response to raised nutrient levels is highly variable within populations, ranging from death to strongly increased reproductive output, but also among populations irrespective of size or isolation. This also goes for the response to water supply, though this variation shows a more unclear pattern. There is no evidence that small or isolated/marginal populations are less plastic than large or non-isolated/central populations, and the explanation for differences in treatment responses among plant populations should be sought in other population characteristics.

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Section: Study Speciesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Populations and Plant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Phenotypic plasticity in Carlina vulgaris: effects of geographical origin, population size, and population isolation

2005

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“…Most populations grow in semi-natural calcareous grasslands, but the plant also occurs in quarries, coastal dunes and open pine forests (Verkaar and Schenkeveld 1984;Grime et al 1988;Meusel and Kä stner 1994). The probability of flowering increases with the size of the rosette (Klinkhamer et al 1991(Klinkhamer et al , 1992, and the age of flowering plants varies between 2 and at least 11 years (Watt 1981;Klinkhamer et al 1996;Rose et al 2002). From the end of June to September, reproducing plants produce one to several flower heads, each with up to 300 violet or yellow florets.…”

Section: Study Speciesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Local adaptation in the monocarpic perennial Carlina vulgaris at different spatial scales across Europe

et al. 2006

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Spatial variation in environmental conditions can lead to local adaptation of plant populations, particularly if gene flow among populations is low. Many studies have investigated adaptation to contrasting environmental conditions, but little is known about the spatial scale of adaptive evolution. We studied population differentiation and local adaptation at two spatial scales in the monocarpic grassland perennial Carlina vulgaris. We reciprocally transplanted seedlings among five European regions (northwestern Czech Republic, central Germany, Luxembourg, southern Sweden and northwestern Switzerland) and among populations of different sizes within three of the regions. We recorded survival, growth and reproduction over three growing periods. At the regional scale, several performance traits and the individual fitness of C. vulgaris were highest if the plants were grown in their home region and they decreased with increasing transplant distance. The effects are likely due to climatic differences that increased with the geographical distance between regions. At the local scale, there were significant interactions between the effects of the population of origin and the transplant site, but these were not due to an enhanced performance of plants at their home site and they were not related to the geographical or environmental distance between the site of origin and the transplant site. The size of the population of origin did not influence the strength of local adaptation. The results of our study suggest that C. vulgaris consists of regionally adapted genotypes, and that distance is a good predictor of the extent of adaptive differentiation at large scales ( > 200 km) but not at small scales. We conclude that patterns of local adaptation should be taken into account for the efficient preservation of genetic resources, when assessing the status of a plant species and during conservation planning.

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Nutrient-Poor Dry Grasslands

Leuschner

Ellenberg

2017

Ecology of Central European Non-Forest Vegetation: Coastal to Alpine, Natural to Man-Made Habitats

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An Eight-Year Study of Population Dynamics and Life-History Variation of the "Biennial" Carlina vulgaris

Cited by 33 publications

References 14 publications

Phenotypic plasticity in Carlina vulgaris: effects of geographical origin, population size, and population isolation

Phenotypic plasticity in Carlina vulgaris: effects of geographical origin, population size, and population isolation

Local adaptation in the monocarpic perennial Carlina vulgaris at different spatial scales across Europe

Nutrient-Poor Dry Grasslands

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