An electrically conductive silver–polyacrylamide–alginate hydrogel composite for soft electronics

Ohm, Yunsik; Pan, Chengfeng; Ford, Michael J.; Huang, Xiaonan; Liao, Jiahe; Majidi, Carmel

doi:10.1038/s41928-021-00545-5

Cited by 358 publications

(295 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…[ 1–3 ] Due to the unique combination of solid and liquid properties, hydrogels have drawn great attention from widespread areas, including tissue engineering, flexible electronics, and soft robotics. [ 4–11 ] However, conventional hydrogels with high water content (larger than 90 wt%) are usually mechanically weak, severely hampering the applications. [ 12,13 ] To overcome such obstacle, several strategies have been developed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strong Tough Polyampholyte Hydrogels via the Synergistic Effect of Ionic and Metal–Ligand Bonds

Huang

Xiao

Zhou

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

135

126

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Despite existing in biological systems, developing synthetic polyampholyte (PA) hydrogels constructed by both ionic and metal–ligand bonds remains challenging. Herein, a simple secondary equilibrium approach is proposed to fabricate strong and tough PA hydrogels via the synergy of ionic and metal–ligand bonds. The original PA gels (constructed by ionic bonds) are first dialyzed in multivalent metal‐ion solutions to reach a swelling equilibrium and then moved to deionized water to dialyze excess free ions to achieve a new equilibrium. Through this approach, the original PA gel network can be optimized and eventually constructed by ionic and metal–ligand bonds, enabling a synergistic reinforcement. By selecting different original PA gel systems and diverse multivalent metal‐ions, the proposed approach is proved to be generalizable to fabricate strong and tough PA gels. Additionally, the hydrogels have stable ion‐conductivity even at the water‐equilibrium state, making them promising as strain sensors. The viscoelastic and elastic contributions to the mechanical properties of the hydrogels by a viscoelastic model are also discussed to further understand the strengthening and toughening mechanisms. The proposed strategy is simple but effective for achieving strong and tough PA‐based hydrogels. This study also provides new insights for PA hydrogels in electrolyte environments.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strong Tough Polyampholyte Hydrogels via the Synergistic Effect of Ionic and Metal–Ligand Bonds

Huang

Xiao

Zhou

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

135

126

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Soft Healthcare Materials Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 81,84 ] Recently, a very impressive hydrogel composite was reported showing both high conductivity (374 S cm −1 ) and low Young's modulus close to biological tissues (1–10 kPa) as well as high stretchability (250%) (Figure 6c). [ 85 ] This hydrogel composite was made by embedding Ag flakes to a double‐network hydrogel composed of polyacrylamide (PAAm) and alginate. The superior properties of the Ag‐hydrogel composite was mainly attributed to a key step: the partial dehydration, which is similar to preparation of the pure PEDOT:PSS conductive hydrogel.…”

Section: Soft Healthcare Materials Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soft Wearable Healthcare Materials and Devices

Lyu

Gong

Yin

et al. 2021

Adv Healthcare Materials

106

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In spite of advances in electronics and internet technologies, current healthcare remains hospital‐centred. Disruptive technologies are required to translate state‐of‐art wearable devices into next‐generation patient‐centered diagnosis and therapy. In this review, recent advances in the emerging field of soft wearable materials and devices are summarized. A prerequisite for such future healthcare devices is the need of novel materials to be mechanically compliant, electrically conductive, and biologically compatible. It is begun with an overview of the two viable design strategies reported in the literatures, which is followed by description of state‐of‐the‐art wearable healthcare devices for monitoring physical, electrophysiological, chemical, and biological signals. Self‐powered wearable bioenergy devices are also covered and sensing systems, as well as feedback‐controlled wearable closed‐loop biodiagnostic and therapy systems. Finally, it is concluded with an overall summary and future perspective.

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“…Ohm et al reported a hydrogel composite with high conductivity (374 S cm -1 ), soft compliance (Young's modulus < 10 kPa) and high stretchability (250% strain). [66] Micrometer-sized silver flakes were first mixed in the polyacylamide-alginate hydrogel precursor solution. For achieving high conductivity, the hydrogel was subjected to partial dehydration (Figure 2a).…”

Section: Composite Conductive Gelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in Bionic Skin Based on Conductive Polymer Gels

Gao

Tang

et al. 2021

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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Bionic skin sensors based on conductive polymer gels have garnered interest for their potential applications in human-computer interaction, soft robotics, biomedical systems, sports, and healthcare, because of their intrinsic flexibility and stretchability embedded at the material level, and other such as self-healing, adhesion, high, and low temperature tolerance properties that can be tuned through macromolecular design. Here, important advances in polymer gel-based flexible sensors over recent years are summarized, from material design, sensor fabrication to system-level applications. This review focuses on the representative strategies of design and preparing of conductive polymer gels, and adjusting their conductivity, mechanics, and other properties such as self-healing and adhesiveness by controlling the macromolecular network structures. The state-of-art of present flexible pressure and strain sensors, temperature sensors, position sensors, and multifunctional sensors based on capacitance, voltage, and resistance sensing technologies, are also systematically reviewed. Finally, perspectives on issues regarding further advances and challenges are provided.

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An electrically conductive silver–polyacrylamide–alginate hydrogel composite for soft electronics

Cited by 358 publications

References 53 publications

Strong Tough Polyampholyte Hydrogels via the Synergistic Effect of Ionic and Metal–Ligand Bonds

Strong Tough Polyampholyte Hydrogels via the Synergistic Effect of Ionic and Metal–Ligand Bonds

Soft Wearable Healthcare Materials and Devices

Recent Progress in Bionic Skin Based on Conductive Polymer Gels

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