An Electrochemical Cell Coupled with Disposable Screen-Printed Electrodes for Use in Flow Injection Analysis

Hsu, Chao-Chun; Chung, Hsieh-Hsun; Lyuu, Huieh-Jing; Tsai, Dong‐Mung; Kumar, Annamalai Senthil; Zen, Jyh‐Myng

doi:10.2116/analsci.22.35

Cited by 29 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…For measuring AA utilization of bacteria, a method that can accurately quantitate AAs is needed. Flow-injection analysis (FIA) with electrochemical detection using copper nanoparticle-plated screen-printed carbon electrode (Cu n SPE) has been successfully demonstrated for sensitive determination of all native AAs 16,17 . Compared with tag-based methods 18 , this electrochemical detection method can directly detect AAs without any chromophore or fluorophore groups.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Single amino acid utilization for bacterial categorization

Liu

Kuo

Lai

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Despite great advancement in genetic typing, phenotyping is still an indispensable tool for categorization of bacteria. certain amino acids may be essential for bacterial survival, growth, pathogenicity or toxin production, which prompts the idea that the intrinsic ability to utilize single amino acid under live-or-die situation could be a basis for differentiation of bacteria species. In this study, we determined the single amino acid consumption profiles of 7 bacterial species, and demonstrated that most bacteria have species-specific pattern of amino acid consumption. We also discovered that bacterial strains from different hosts, toxigenicity, and antibiotic-resistance presented distinct preference for certain amino acids. Taken altogether, the amino acid consumption profiles showed potential to be a novel tool complementary to study not only bacterial categorization but also biochemical characteristics of the bacteria such that its phenotyping can be used to uncover strategies for nutritional, pharmaceutical, taxonomic, and evolutionary aspects of bacterial researches. Bacterial identification is crucial in a wide variety of applications including disease diagnosis, food safety, and environmental monitoring. In general, two distinct methods are used for bacterial identification; genotyping and the phenotyping. Genotypic methods such as DNA sequencing, refer to discrimination of bacterial strains based on their genetic content 1. On the other hand, phenotypic traits are based on the characteristics expressed by bacterial strains, which comprise morphological, physiological, and biochemical features. For example, Analytical Profile Index (API) and Biolog system are commonly used phenotypic methods which rely on the utilization and metabolism of simple chemical compounds 2,3. Although genotyping has recently become mainstream for bacterial strain typing, phenotypic methods still play an important role in many cases and provide crucial insights into bacterial strains. For instance, about two-thirds of genes from bacterial to mammalian cells have been shown to possess biochemical function, but only a small fraction of these genes are known to be associated with phenotypes 4,5. Therefore, more phenotypic information is desirable in understanding the roles of those inexplicable genes 6,7 and to discover their resultant behaviors in relations to pathology, epidemiology, and ecology. Amino acids (AAs) are critical substances for nitrogen and carbon metabolism in bacteria. Different bacteria may have different abilities to utilize AAs depending on their genetic and adopted differences as well as the nutritional availability from the environment, rendering significant variations in their phenotypes even when they belong to the same species. So far, bacteria utilize AAs in a species-dependent manner have been reported elsewhere. For example, Escherichia coli can use serine (Ser), aspartate (Asp), cysteine (Cys), glycine (Gly), glutamate (Glu), and alanine (Ala) as the sole carbon and nitrogen sources during aerobic grow...

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confidence: 99%

Single amino acid utilization for bacterial categorization

Liu

Kuo

Lai

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…In numerous applications various modifications of effective wall-jet cell are discussed. Screen-printed electrodes can also be employed in a wall-jet cell, where, using a copper nanoparticle plated carbon electrode as a working electrode allows the determination of glucose in human plasma with a good correlation with the results of enzymatic determination with the YSI commercial analyzer [93]. The developed flow-through detector can operate not only in a strong alkaline solution but also in organic media.…”

Section: Voltammetric and Amperometric Detection In Flow Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent developments in electrochemical flow detections—A review

Trojanowicz

2009

Analytica Chimica Acta

129

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 Screen-printed electrodes (SPE) are characterized by low unit cost, high precision, and a wide range of designs (either as arrays or as single electrodes) and can be used as whole electrode systems (reference, working, and counter electrode), maintaining adequate reproducibility. [6][7][8] The main advantage of SPE over conventional electrodes is that problems associated with carry-over and surface fouling are avoided as they are normally used only once and then discarded, 9,10 whereas conventional solid electrodes usually depend on very reproducible manual polishing procedures.Printing inks used for preparation of screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) contain mineral binder, solvent and conductive carbon material. It is known that some components can strongly influence the electrochemical properties of the electrode substrate, as changes in the electron transfer resistance.…”

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confidence: 99%

A novel disposable electrochemical microcell: construction and characterization

Ferreira

Daniel

Bertotti

et al. 2008

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Este trabalho apresenta uma técnica alternativa de microfabricação para construção de microcélulas eletroquímicas descartáveis contendo os eletrodos de trabalho, auxiliar e de referência em um único dispositivo. Trata-se de um processo simples no qual a termo-transferência de máscaras de toner sobre superfícies de ouro obtidas a partir de discos compactos graváveis (CD-R) definem o formato dos eletrodos (contornos). Numa etapa seguinte, o formato é manualmente coberto com tinta usando uma caneta de retroprojetor. A superfície de ouro não protegida pela tinta é convenientemente removida (corrosão química) e a tinta, por sua vez, é facilmente removida com etanol gerando superfícies de ouro sem contaminação. A área final e reprodutível dos eletrodos é definida pela termo-transferência de uma segunda máscara de toner. O eletrodo de referência é obtido por meio de uma deposição manual de cola de prata sobre uma banda de ouro. As microcélulas foram eletroquimicamente caracterizadas usando as técnicas de voltametria cíclica, voltametria linear e voltametria de onda quadrada e várias espécies eletroativas como sistemas modelo. A reprodutibilidade de área dos eletrodos para diferentes microcélulas foi estudada e um desvio-padrão relativo melhor do que 1,0% foi obtido. As microcélulas descartáveis foram usadas com sucesso para a análise de amostras em volumes menores que 200 µL demonstrando boa estabilidade e reprodutibilidade (RSD menor que 2,0%). Essas microcélulas também foram avaliadas para a quantificação de paracetamol e dipirona em formulações farmacêuticas.An alternative technique for the fabrication of disposable electrochemical microcells containing working, reference and auxiliary electrodes on a single device is reported. The procedure is based on thermal-transfer of toner masks onto CD-R (recordable compact discs) gold surfaces to define the layout of the electrodes (contour). In a subsequent step, the layout is manually painted with a permanent marker pen. The unprotected gold surface is conveniently etched (chemical corrosion) and the ink is then easily removed with ethanol, generating gold surfaces without contamination. The final and reproducible area of the electrodes is defined by heat transference of a second toner mask. Silver epoxy is deposited on one of the gold bands which is the satisfactorily used as reference electrode. These microcells were electrochemically characterized by cyclic, linear, and square wave voltammetry, and several electroactive species were used as model systems. The area reproducibility of the electrodes for different microcells was studied and a relative standard deviation better than 1,0% (n = 10) was obtained. Disposable electrochemical microcells were successfully used in analysis of liquid samples with volumes lower than 200 µL and good stability and reproducibility (RSD less than 2.0%) were achieved. These microcells were also evaluated for quantification of paracetamol and dipyrone in pharmaceutical formulations.Keywords: disposable electrochemical microcell, microfabri...

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An Electrochemical Cell Coupled with Disposable Screen-Printed Electrodes for Use in Flow Injection Analysis

Cited by 29 publications

References 35 publications

Single amino acid utilization for bacterial categorization

Single amino acid utilization for bacterial categorization

Recent developments in electrochemical flow detections—A review

A novel disposable electrochemical microcell: construction and characterization

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