An electrochemical investigation of fretting corrosion in stainless steel

Sherwin, Matthew; Taylor, D.E.; Waterhouse, R.B.

doi:10.1016/s0010-938x(71)80126-9

Cited by 41 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…This method has been used previously to qualitatively describe crevice (4,12,15,18,25) and fretting corrosion (22,27,29) rates. More quantatative measurements such as polarization resistance (22,27) or Ifre, (22) were not used since the actual surface area of contact could not be measured. Furthermore, the later method involves the application of a fixed potential; thus, it does not indicate the corrosion currents at the actual fretting potential, and it is not appropriate for multiple measurement procedures used in these studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fretting corrosion results from mechanical damage of the passive oxide film that gives surgical alloys their high corrosion resistance (22,27). The mechanical breakdown of the passive film exposes unpassivated metal, which oxidizes to re-form a passive film.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, corrosion due to fretting starts within seconds of initiation of relative motion (3,4,22). Examination of retrieved implants has demonstrated significant amounts of crevice corrosion after only 6 months in vivo (2), most notably on loose devices (10).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The principal mechanisms of implant corrosion are crevice and fretting corrosion, which can occur in situations where there is a confined space or relative motion between components lecular oxygen within the crevice due to restricted diffusion, resulting in a drop in pH and a self-accelerating anodic reaction within the crevice (4,15,25). Fretting corrosion results from mechanical damage of the passive oxide film that gives surgical alloys their high corrosion resistance (22,27). The mechanical breakdown of the passive film exposes unpassivated metal, which oxidizes to re-form a passive film.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vitro studies of fretting corrosion of orthopaedic materials

Brown

Hughes

Merritt

1988

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Two models were used to study fretting corrosion of surgical alloys. In the first, the amount of load and motion between plates and screws was controlled, and corrosion rates of stainless steel and MP35N were determined by measurements of component weight loss and metal ion concentration in the test solutions. Stainless steel had the higher rate of fretting corrosion. The addition of 10% serum to saline resulted in a significant reduction of the corrosion rate of stainless steel and MP35N. The use of stainless steel screws in a mixed-metal combination with MP35N and titanium plates showed minimal effects on the performance of the stainless steel screws but an increase in fretting corrosion of the MP35N plates. In the second model, plates were applied to glass fiber-reinforced plastic tubes as bone analogues and subjected to cyclic axial loads. These results demonstrated a reduction in fretting corrosion rates associated with an increase in screw torque and a decrease in axial load. Corrosion rates were minimal with intact tubes simulating healed fractures and greatest with an oblique-cut fracture simulation. These models have proven useful for the evaluation of fretting corrosion rates of different alloys and for evaluation of variables such as fracture stability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vitro studies of fretting corrosion of orthopaedic materials

Brown

Hughes

Merritt

1988

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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“…This may increase the overall corrosion rate by 1000 times over its static rate. [14][15][16][17] Corrosion is a natural process of any implanted metal in vivo. The conventional metals used today in orthopaedic implants (cobalt-chrome alloy, stainless steel, and titanium) are used because of their ability to form a passive film layer that allows for acceptably low levels of corrosion.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining Dissimilar Metals in Orthopaedic Implants: Revisited

Zartman

Berlet

Hyer

et al. 2011

Foot & Ankle Specialist

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The use of metals as implant materials has become common practice in the field of orthopaedics. A wide variety of conditions are treated with metallic implants, and designers have used an assortment of materials to meet the unique mechanical demands of each application. The majority of implants used today, whether pins, plates, screws, or total joints, are made of cobalt-chrome alloy, stainless steel, or titanium. Common metallurgic wisdom cautions against bonding dissimilar metals in a biologically active environment. Surgeons have therefore shied away from combining dissimilar metal implants because of the fear of inciting corrosion that could potentially compromise the implants and lead to aseptic loosening, implant failure, or adverse biological reaction in host tissue. As surgical reconstruction and arthroplasty options expand with the advent of newer implants and expanded operative techniques, the orthopaedic surgeon will increasingly be faced with weighing the risks and benefits of combining implants made of dissimilar metals in a patient. Here, the authors examine the origins of the concern over using mixed metals, discuss mechanisms of corrosion as they relate to surgical implants, and review both in vitro and in vivo studies concerning the most common combinations of dissimilar metals in order to guide the surgeon in choosing implants.

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Fretting corrosion in saline and serum

Brown

Merritt

1981

J. Biomed. Mater. Res.

108

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Fretting corrosion of stainless-steel round hole plates and spherical head screws was studied using a simulator that produced a rocking motion of the heads in the plate holes. Experiments were run for 7 days, with the simulator producing 1 oscillation/s for 16 h/day. Fretting corrosion was studied in 0.9% NaCl and in a 10% solution of fetal calf serum in saline. The results showed a tenfold decrease in fretting corrosion when the serum was added to the saline. Measurements of the weight of the two screws and two-hole plate showed those in saline lost 2.9 mg as compared to 0.3 for those in 10% serum. The concentration of nickel in the saline solutions was 12.4 micrograms/mL compared with 0.85 in serum. Visual examination of the solutions and implants revealed that those in saline had a significant amount of corrosion products while those tested in 10% serum were bright and shiny. Recordings of electrical potentials demonstrated that the addition of serum to saline significantly reduced the change in potential from rest to fretting condition.

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An electrochemical investigation of fretting corrosion in stainless steel

Cited by 41 publications

References 8 publications

In vitro studies of fretting corrosion of orthopaedic materials

In vitro studies of fretting corrosion of orthopaedic materials

Combining Dissimilar Metals in Orthopaedic Implants: Revisited

Fretting corrosion in saline and serum

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