“…Mebendazole and flubendazole, two members of BZDs, cause the loss of cytoplasmic microtubules of helminths, resulting in the loss of transport of secretory vesicles, a decrease in the uptake of glucose, and an increase in the use of stored glycogen ( Hamilton & Rath, 2017 ). The salicylanilides drugs, such as rafoxanide, oxyclozanide, and closantel, are proton ionophores ( Hamilton and Rath, 2017 , Hu et al, 2013 ) or proton carriers to help to transfer protons from the aqueous phase into the lipophilic membrane ( Mahmoud, Saad, Elzanfaly, Amer, & Essam, 2020 ). Other anthelmintics are functionally classified as nicotinic, glutamate-gated chloride channel potentiators, or macrolides ( Hamilton & Rath, 2017 ).…”