An electrodynamic ion funnel for electrospray ionization source based time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Genetic Algorithm Optimized Printed Circuit Board Ion Funnel Tandem Subambient Pressure Ionization with Nanoelectrospray (SPIN) for High Sensitivity Mass Spectrometry

“…According to effective potential theory, while DC and RF electrical fields are necessary for efficient transport of ions in the high-pressure region, the formed fields tend to play as ion traps near the exit aperture of IF . In addition, space charge effects from trapped ions will lead to further deviation of the incoming ions from their trajectories; therefore, the focusing capability of an IF is limited to a certain m / z range, which determines the transmission efficiency. The high mass-to-charge limit ( m / z ) high and low mass-to-charge limit ( m / z ) low for an IF can be roughly estimated by eqs and , respectively. , Here, e is the elementary charge, m u is the atomic mass unit, ω is the angular frequency, V RF is the RF amplitude, α is the angle of IF, d is the electrode spacing, and E DC is the DC voltage gradient. false( m / z false) h i g h = 0.135 e V R F 2 2 m u · ω 2 · true( d π true) 3 · E D C false( m / z false) l o w = 8 e · E D C m u · ω 2 · d π · false( sin α false) 2 …”