An electroenzymatic glucose sensor fabricated on a flexible substrate

Mastrototaro, John J.; Johnson, Kirk W.; Morff, R. J.; Lipson, David A.; Andrew, Charles C.; Allen, Douglas J.

doi:10.1016/0925-4005(91)80234-b

Cited by 38 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The user inserts the catheter within the skin in such a way that the sensing element resides within the skin, while the transmitter resides outside the skin, and as such, these devices can be categorized as invasive, transcutaneous CGM devices. 68,69 Similarly, a disposable, invasive optical fiber has also been introduced 70 that is capable of percutaneous glucose monitoring via spectroscopic measurement.…”

Section: 64mentioning

confidence: 99%

Technologies for Continuous Glucose Monitoring: Current Problems and Future Promises

Vaddiraju

Burgess

Tomazos

et al. 2010

J Diabetes Sci Technol

230

224

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Devices for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) are currently a major focus of research in the area of diabetes management. It is envisioned that such devices will have the ability to alert a diabetes patient (or the parent or medical care giver of a diabetes patient) of impending hypoglycemic/hyperglycemic events and thereby enable the patient to avoid extreme hypoglycemic/hyperglycemic excursions as well as minimize deviations outside the normal glucose range, thus preventing both life-threatening events and the debilitating complications associated with diabetes. It is anticipated that CGM devices will utilize constant feedback of analytical information from a glucose sensor to activate an insulin delivery pump, thereby ultimately realizing the concept of an artificial pancreas. Depending on whether the CGM device penetrates/breaks the skin and/or the sample is measured extracorporeally, these devices can be categorized as totally invasive, minimally invasive, and noninvasive. In addition, CGM devices are further classified according to the transduction mechanisms used for glucose sensing (i.e., electrochemical, optical, and piezoelectric). However, at present, most of these technologies are plagued by a variety of issues that affect their accuracy and long-term performance. This article presents a critical comparison of existing CGM technologies, highlighting critical issues of device accuracy, foreign body response, calibration, and miniaturization. An outlook on future developments with an emphasis on long-term reliability and performance is also presented.

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Section: 64mentioning

confidence: 99%

Technologies for Continuous Glucose Monitoring: Current Problems and Future Promises

Vaddiraju

Burgess

Tomazos

et al. 2010

J Diabetes Sci Technol

230

224

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition to in vitro enzyme electrodes based on this detection scheme, the FDA has recently approved a subcutaneously implantable glucose sensor [1], [2] based on the same principles. Miniature needle-type amperometric glucose sensors have been commercialized by MiniMed Corporation (Slymar, CA) for the short-term monitoring of interstitial fluid glucose (Fig.…”

Section: A Electrochemical Biomedical Sensing Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging biomedical sensing technologies and their applications

2003

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Abstract-Recent progress in biomedical sensing technologies has resulted in the development of several novel sensor products and new applications. Modern biomedical sensors developed with advanced microfabrication and signal processing techniques are becoming inexpensive, accurate, and reliable. A broad range of sensing mechanisms has significantly increased the number of possible target measurands that can be detected. The miniaturization of classical "bulky" measurement techniques has led to the realization of complex analytical systems, including such sensors as the BioChemLab-on-a-Chip. This rapid progress in miniature devices and instrumentation development will significantly impact the practice of medical care as well as future advances in the biomedical industry. Currently, electrochemical, optical, and acoustic wave sensing technologies have emerged as some of the most promising biomedical sensor technologies. In this paper, important features of these technologies, along with new developments and some of the applications, are presented.

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“…The particular advantages of stretchable devices over their rigid counterparts are the ability to conform to a curved surface (for example, the human body), the ability to be folded within a constrained volume, and the ability to otherwise be physically flexed or stretched without failing. Example applications are particularly prevalent in biomedicine and include wearable monitoring devices, 1,2 implantable neural or muscular stimulators, 3 implantable drug delivery systems, 4 fluid control systems, 4 flexible sensors and actuators, [5][6][7] and flexible integrated circuit technology. 8 In an effort to further the development of these devices, there are two primary areas of improvement; the first area is in fabrication process technologies, and the second is in investigating new geometries that enable more effective stretchable structures.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Stretchable Interconnects Fabricated Using a Low Cost Metallization Transfer Process onto PDMS

Hilbich

Gray

et al. 2015

ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol.

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The growing number of applications requiring conformal electronic devices incorporated into unconventional and dynamic surfaces has led to an increase in the development of stretchable electronics. Together with novel materials and fabrication processes, innovative conductive patterns are being developed in order to meet the needs of modern applications. Here, we present the design, fabrication, and characterization of first-order curved Peano structures fabricated using a newly developed thick film copper metallization transfer process onto PDMS. In order to maximize the stretchability of these structures, we present a characterization and analysis of the relationship between relative resistance and tensile strain in fabricated devices while systematically varying the geometric parameters of various curve designs. The response of the structures to cyclic failure and recovery is also characterized. These results demonstrate that the newly developed transfer process can be used to fabricate stretchable Peano curves and provide insight into the geometric optimization of these curves in stretchable electronics applications. Stretchable electronics is an emerging technology enabling new devices that cannot be fabricated using traditionally rigid substrates. The particular advantages of stretchable devices over their rigid counterparts are the ability to conform to a curved surface (for example, the human body), the ability to be folded within a constrained volume, and the ability to otherwise be physically flexed or stretched without failing. Example applications are particularly prevalent in biomedicine and include wearable monitoring devices, 1,2 implantable neural or muscular stimulators, 3 implantable drug delivery systems, 4 fluid control systems, 4 flexible sensors and actuators, 5-7 and flexible integrated circuit technology. 8 In an effort to further the development of these devices, there are two primary areas of improvement; the first area is in fabrication process technologies, and the second is in investigating new geometries that enable more effective stretchable structures.With respect to fabrication technologies, there are several existing processes suitable for the development of stretchable electronics, including the direct metallization of polymers, nanocomposite polymer (NCP) fabrication, 9 fabrication using conductive polymers, 10 and inkjet printing of conductive inks.11 While many of these methods can produce impressive flexible features, the conductivity of non-metallic structures is generally poorer than deposited pure metals. Therefore, the metallization of polymers is commonly used due to high electrical performance and relatively low cost. In previous work, 12 we have shown a new process for low-cost, large-scale, thick-film metallization of PDMS; in this work, we demonstrate the application of this process to stretchable electronics.Using a given process, stretchable metal patterns on polymers can generally be achieved with pre-stressed, thin-film, metal conductors that form stretchable m...

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An electroenzymatic glucose sensor fabricated on a flexible substrate

Cited by 38 publications

References 5 publications

Technologies for Continuous Glucose Monitoring: Current Problems and Future Promises

Technologies for Continuous Glucose Monitoring: Current Problems and Future Promises

Emerging biomedical sensing technologies and their applications

Characterization of Stretchable Interconnects Fabricated Using a Low Cost Metallization Transfer Process onto PDMS

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