An Electrohydraulic Direct Current Discharge for Inactivation of <i>Escherichia coli</i> in High-Bacterial Density Wastewaters

Abstract

The United Nations, through its Sustainable Development Goals, have identified access to clean water as one of the challenges facing society. With reported global deaths exceeding 1 million annually linked to untreated water consumption, which is usually contaminated by pathogenic micro-organisms, further research continues in water disinfection. The direct generation of non-thermal plasma in water is a promising method for the inactivation of disease-causing bacteria present in the wastewater. This study explored the efficacy of plasma in the inactivation of different bacterial densities (4.0×104, 1.5×105, and 2.5×107 CFU/mL) using a 500 mL plasma batch reactor operating at atmospheric pressure. The plasma discharge was generated in water by a Technix-SR-10R-5000 high voltage direct current power supply in negative polarity with a set current of 0.45 A and a maximum pre-set ignition voltage of 9 kV. The electrodes used in the discharge was a copper material. A bacterial culture of Escherichia coli ATCC® 25922TM (E.coli) was used as a model for the direct plasma discharge. The study further investigated the contribution of copper ions (0.4 and 0.7 mg/L) released into the water during treatment by having two control reactors that were not exposed to plasma. The results show a complete inactivation at 180 seconds for the bacterial densities from 4.0×104 to 2.5×107 CFU/mL. The results from this study indicated the potential of a direct electric discharge in handling water source with high-bacteria densities.