An electromagnetic model for transients in grounding systems

Grcev, L.; Dawalibi, F.P.

doi:10.1109/61.103673

Cited by 392 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Hence, current distribution on the segments buried in two-layer soil is computed and compared with results obtained with a full-wave electromagnetic model, developed for the two-layer soil [8,9]. Model presented in [8,9], constitutes an extension of the sophisticated model presented in [5], and rigorously treats layer boundaries, by numerically solving associated Sommerfeld integrals.…”

Section: Model Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only recently, they were expanded to include the two-layer earth models, e.g., [8,9]. Here, accompanying time-harmonic current source involves attenuation and phase shift effects, which could be rigorously incorporated [5] or approximated in some way [11]. These methods could treat highfrequency phenomena associated with various sophisticated grounding grid analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second group of methods involve a full electromagnetic field approach, by solving a set of Maxwell equations [5][6][7][8][9][10]. Numerical methods based on the full electromagnetic theory approach, which rigorously treat boundary layers and numerically solve Sommerfeld integrals, are still mainly limited to homogeneous earth models [5][6][7] because of their complexity. Only recently, they were expanded to include the two-layer earth models, e.g., [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Time-Harmonic Current Distribution on Conductor Grid in Horizontally Stratified Multilayer Medium

Sarajčev¹,

Vujević²,

Lovrić³

2011

PIER B

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Abstract-This paper presents a novel time-harmonic electromagnetic model for determining the current distribution on conductor grids in horizontally stratified multilayer medium. This model could be seen as a basis of the wider electromagnetic model for the frequency-domain transient analysis of conductor grids in multilayer medium. The total number of layers and the total number of conductors are completely arbitrary. The model is based on applying the finite element technique to an integral equation formulation. Each conductor is subdivided into segments with satisfying the thin-wire approximation. Complete electromagnetic coupling between segments is taken into account. The computation of Sommerfeld integrals is avoided through an effective approximation of the attenuation and phase shift effects. Computation procedure for the horizontally stratified multilayer medium is based on the successful application of numerical approximations of two kernel functions of the integral expression for the potential distribution within a single layer, which is caused by a point source of time-harmonic current. Extension from the point source to a segment of the earthing grid conductors is accomplished through integrating the potential contribution due to the line of time-harmonic current source along the segments axis.

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Section: Model Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Time-Harmonic Current Distribution on Conductor Grid in Horizontally Stratified Multilayer Medium

Sarajčev¹,

Vujević²,

Lovrić³

2011

PIER B

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“…Note that the current source excitation I g is taken into account as a forced boundary condition at a certain node i of the grounding system [4,7]:…”

Section: Bem Procedures For Pocklington Equation For Buried Wiresmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the use of isoparametric elements for BEM modeling of arbitrarily shaped thin wires in electromagnetic compatibility applications

Poljak

Dorić

Cavka

2012

WIT Transactions on Modelling and Simulation

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The paper deals with the frequency domain Galerkin-Bubnov scheme of the Indirect Boundary Element Method (GB-IBEM) for the solution of the Pocklington integral equations for arbitrary thin wire configurations. The presence of a lossy media is taken into account by using both the reflection coefficient approximation and the rigorous Sommerfeld integral formulation. Some illustrative computational examples related to power line communication systems (PLC) and grounding systems are presented.

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“…Thus, the problem of the grounding is usually treaded by means of the Moment Method (MoM) [1], Finite Element Method (FEM) [2][3] and Finite Difference Method (FDM) [4][5]. Recently, an approach based on voltage propagation equation and Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) solution method has been reported in [5].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient Behaviour of Grounding System in a Two-Layer Soil Using the Transmission Line Theory

et al. 2014

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Original scientific paperThe present work deals with modeling of the transient behavior of grounding systems in the presence of layered media. A simple and efficient Transmission Line (TL) model featuring the use of the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) is proposed. The proposed approach easily accounts for the influence of semi-infinite media (soil or air) and imposes conditions at the interfaces. The TL model is verified through the direct solution of the Maxwell's equations in the time domain by means of the FDTD method. Some illustrative computational examples addressing some engineering applications stemming from industry are given in the paper. Tranzijentni odziv uzemljivačkog sustava u dvoslojnom tlu primjenom teorije prijenosnih linija. U radu se razmatra modeliranje tranzijentnog odziva uzemljivačkog sustav au prisutnosti slojevitih sredina. Predložen je jednostavan i efikasan model prijenosne linije uz upotrebu metode prijenosnih linija u vremenskom području. U okviru predloženog pristupa lako se uzima u obzir utjecaj polubeskonačnih sredina (tlo ili zrak) te postavljaju uvjeti na granici sredina. Model prijenosne linije verificira se direktnim rješenjem Maxwellovih jednadžbi u vremenskom području primjenom metode konačnog diferencija u vremenskom području. U radu se daju neki ilustrativni računalni primjeri koji se odnose na neke inženjerske primjene proizašle iz prakse.Ključne riječi: Tranzijentni odziv, uzemljivački sustav, teorija prijenosnih linija, pristup preko Maxwellovih jednadžbi, dvoslojno tlo, metoda konačnih diferencija u vremenskom područjuThe principal task of grounding systems is to ensure the safety of personnel and prevent damage of installations and equipment. Defect on grounding systems may cause operation error, malfunction and destruction of components in electric and electronic systems connected to the grounding systems. During a short circuit or lightning discharge, the assessment of fault currents in the grounding systems is rather important task, as these currents cause an increase of ground potential and related high intensity electromagnetic fields. The increase in ground potential is dangerous for the technical staff inside the substation, while the radiated fields may affect the measuring equipment required for the control and management of the power network. The model proposed in this work has been developed as an extension of the homogeneous soil model, based on the Transmission Line (TL) theory and the FDTD solution method. The two-layer soil effects are taken into account by means of the concept of apparent resistivity.An alternative approach used in this work for the transient analysis of grounding systems is the FDTD solution of Maxwell's equations in inhomogeneous media (layers of soil, air and the conductors of the ground).First, a rather simple case of a single horizontal buried electrode is considered. What follows up is the configuration of a grounding grid. Some illustrative computational examples are presented throughout the paper. TRANSMISSION LINE APPROAC...

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An electromagnetic model for transients in grounding systems

Cited by 392 publications

References 14 publications

Time-Harmonic Current Distribution on Conductor Grid in Horizontally Stratified Multilayer Medium

Time-Harmonic Current Distribution on Conductor Grid in Horizontally Stratified Multilayer Medium

On the use of isoparametric elements for BEM modeling of arbitrarily shaped thin wires in electromagnetic compatibility applications

Transient Behaviour of Grounding System in a Two-Layer Soil Using the Transmission Line Theory

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