An electromagnetic viscometer for molten silicates at temperatures up to 1800  C

Bockris, J. O'm.; Lowe, D. C.

doi:10.1088/0950-7671/30/11/306

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The geometry of this apparatus, see fig ure 1, is similar to that of Lillie [6], Bockris and Lowe [9] . This equipment has been previously described in more detail by Napolitano and Hawkins [1 3].…”

Section: Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The rotating mechanism pro vided a range of crucible speed s from 0.03029 rpm to 1.3493 rpm. An electromagnetic torque balance [9] based on the principle of a large moving coil galvanometer was used to measure the torque by a null detection method. The galvanometer was made up of a permanent magnet with a 1650 G gap field str ength and a coil which was an integral part of the suspension apparatus.…”

Section: Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A further improvement to Lillie's apparatus was made by Bockris and Lowe [9], who inser ted in the suspension system 1 Figures in bracket s indicate the literature refcrences at the eud of this paper. 2 Oue pOise IS 1 g/cm sec which is equal to 0.1 kg/Ill sec.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A wide-range (up to 1010 P) rotating cylinder viscometer

Napolitano¹,

Macedo²,

Hawkins³

1965

J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN. SECT. A.

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A Wide-Range (up to 10 10 P) Rotating Cylinder Viscometer Albert Napolita no, Pedro B. Macedo, and Earl G . Hawkins (M ay 17, 1965) . 1~he ra nge of a hi g h temperature rota Ling cylinde r v iscometer has bee n extended so t hat VISCOSIty m easuremen.ts can be m ad e betwee n 10 0 to 10 10 p oises to within 2-p ercen t a ccuracy. ThiS lllvolves three different tec hniques . After a calibration consta nt has been determined for the apparatus III the stand ard oil range, the other two constants for t he hi g her viscosit ies \-v ere se lf~d etermlll e d . In ma klllg measurements at t he low viscosities, 10 0 to 10 5 poises, the o~ter e~l~nd e r J 7 S, ro t.ated at co ns tant sp ee~ a nd the torque measured on the inner cylinder ; flO~ 10 · to 10.·' pOIses the 111l1~1~ cyll11der IS rotated t hrough a n a ngle a nd timed as i t r eturns ~o Its zero pOSitIOn, and fr~m 10°. 0 to 10 10 poises the inner cy~incl er is drive n t hrough a n a ngle at co nstant to rque and tuned as It traverses t hiS a ng le. fhc Fulcher equation viscosity va lues obtall1ecl from prevIOus m~as ur e m e nts on Stan da rd Glasses No . 710 and No. 711 by t h e fiber elongat ion a nd rotatmg cylmclcr methods have been compared with the presen t results.

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Section: Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A wide-range (up to 1010 P) rotating cylinder viscometer

Napolitano¹,

Macedo²,

Hawkins³

1965

J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN. SECT. A.

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“…At the peak of each curve, i.e. at resonance dC=O dp and hence it can be shown, by differentiating equation (4) and proper substitutions, that, at the peak p=(W 2 -2f2)! (5) and C 2f(f2-W2)!…”

Section: Theory Of the Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Viscometer for Measuring the Viscosities of Molten Silicates

Ray

1968

Transactions of the Indian Ceramic Society

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A new viscometer suitable for measuring the viscosities of relatively fluid silicates, in limited ranges, has been devised. The method is based on the study of forced vertical oscillations of a solid platinum sphere in the melt. The viscometer has been used to measure the viscosity of Na 2 0.Si0 2 -K 2 0.Si0 2 eutectic melt, over the temperature range, 1000°C to 1200°C. The results compare satisfactorily with those reported in the literature.

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“…This means that low viscosity can be determined precisely in the rotating crucible method. Some viscometer based on the rotating crucible method have been developed for high temperature melts, [5][6][7] but there is no viscometer in which the atmosphere is strictly controlled. Figure 3 shows the viscometer developed.…”

Section: Principle Of Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a New Viscometer Based on Rotating Crucible Method and Viscosity Measurement of SiO2^|^ndash;CaO^|^ndash;CaF2 System

2012

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The development of a new viscometer based on rotating crucible method and the viscosity measurement of SiO2-CaO-CaF2 system were carried out. The viscometer was hermetically closed, and the atmosphere around the melts was highly controllable. In the viscosity measurement, an inner cylinder made of graphite was immersed into the melts in a graphite crucible under Ar at elevated temperatures (1 467-1 782 K). The torque given to the inner cylinder by rotating the crucible was measured by means of a supersensitive torque sensor, and the viscosity was determined. The minimum limit of the viscosity determined was 20 mPa•s. A special attention was paid to keep the temperature uniformity inside the furnace for precise measurement by placing tungsten plates as the thermal shield, and the excellent temperature uniformity (±0.2 K in a whole crucible) was obtained. The basicity (= CCaO/CSiO 2 in mass) of the melts was 0.79 or 1.25, and the concentrations of CaF2 were 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 mass%. As the results, the viscosity of the melts showed a good Arrhenian type linearity in any samples. The loss of fluoride from the melts after the measurement was very small which suggests the consistency of melt composition. The viscosity of the melt decreased with increasing the concentration of CaF2, but the degree of decrease was smaller than literature values. The decrease in the viscosity of the melts with the addition of CaF2 in acid region is slightly greater than that in basic region.

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An electromagnetic viscometer for molten silicates at temperatures up to 1800 C

Cited by 16 publications

References 4 publications

A wide-range (up to 1010 P) rotating cylinder viscometer

A wide-range (up to 1010 P) rotating cylinder viscometer

A New Viscometer for Measuring the Viscosities of Molten Silicates

Development of a New Viscometer Based on Rotating Crucible Method and Viscosity Measurement of SiO2^|^ndash;CaO^|^ndash;CaF2 System

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