An Electromyographic Study of the Nociceptive Reflexes of the Lower Limb. Mechanism of the Plantar Responses

Kugelberg, Eric; Eklund, Kerstin; Grimby, Lennart

doi:10.1093/brain/83.3.394

Cited by 168 publications

(105 citation statements)

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“…In humans, the afferents were carried by A delta and C fibers as demonstrated in paretic patients [20]. In 1960, when Kugelberg et al electrically stimulated various areas in the foot and gluteal region and recorded response by needle EMG the threshold of the nociceptive reflexes varied considerably in different [21]. Stimulation of the sural nerve (through the skin) elicits two different reflex responses in the biceps femoris: The first RII is of short latency, low threshold and corresponds to tactile reflex Aβ fibers.…”

Section: Mattoo Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Tension-Type Headache: Muscle Overactivity Versus Deficient Pain Controls

Mattoo

Tanwar

Bhatia

et al. 2018

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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Objective: The oscillating school of thought between the peripheral and central mechanisms of pain origin hinders the selection of appropriate therapy for chronic tension-type headache (CTTH). The aim of this study was to assess the role of central and peripheral pain mechanisms together in CTTH. Methods:In the present study, we compared surface electromyography (sEMG) amplitudes and nociceptive flexion thresholds in patients diagnosed with CTTH (n=30) with age-matched healthy controls (n=30). For central pain modulation with spinal and supraspinal influences on nociception, we recorded nociceptive flexion reflex (NFR) by stimulating the sural nerve and observing the biceps femoris muscle response. sEMG was done for the temporalis and trapezius muscles at rest, during mental activity and during maximum voluntary contraction to assess contribution from peripheral pain. Results:We observed a decreased NFR threshold in CTTH patients as compared to healthy controls, suggesting a hyperalgesic state due to central factors. Electromyographic activity of trapezius muscle was increased at rest in CTTH while both temporalis and trapezius showed an overactivity in patients during mental task. Conclusion:Central factors are important in the pathogenesis of CTTH while, peripheral factors, such as stress-related muscle spasm may also contribute to pain state.

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Section: Mattoo Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Tension-Type Headache: Muscle Overactivity Versus Deficient Pain Controls

Mattoo

Tanwar

Bhatia

et al. 2018

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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“…The NFR threshold provides a naturally-occurring, objective physiological correlate of nociception (for review see Sandrini et al, 2005). In the NFR paradigm, a withdrawal response can be elicited in the short head of the ispilateral biceps femoris muscle in the lower limb by electrocutaneous stimulation of the sural nerve in the retromalleolar path at an intensity sufficient to activate A-delta nociceptive fibres (Dowman, 1991;Kugelberg et al, 1969;Wiesenfeld-Hallin et al, 1984;Willer, 1983). The electromyographic response in the biceps femoris can be used to quantify nociceptive responding or help determine the threshold for eliciting a withdrawal response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nociceptive flexion reflex thresholds and pain during rest and computer game play in patients with hypertension and individuals at risk for hypertension

Edwards

Ring

Al’Absi

et al. 2007

Biological Psychology

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Supraspinal pain modulation may explain hypertensive hypoalgesia. We compared nociceptive flexion reflex (NFR) thresholds and pain during rest and computer game play in hypertensives and normotensives (Experiment 1) and normotensives with and without hypertensive parents (Experiment 2). The game was selected to modulate activity in pain pathways. NFR thresholds did not differ between groups during rest or game play. Pain ratings never differed between hypertensives and normotensives, whereas individuals with hypertensive parents reported less pain during the first two NFR assessments, compared to those without. NFR thresholds and pain were reduced by game play compared to rest. The failure of game play to differentially modulate NFR thresholds or associated pain reports between groups argues against enhanced supraspinal modulation of nociception and pain in hypertensives and those at increased risk for hypertension.

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“…A number of detailed investigations of human flexor reflexes have been carried out in the past 20 years (Kugelberg, 1948, Pedersen, 1954, Hagbarth, 1960, Kugelberg, Eklund, and Grimby, 1960, Hagbarth and Finer, 1963, Dimitrijevic and Nathan, 1968, but because of multiple variations in technique, it is often very difficult to compare the results obtained by different investigators.We began this study of flexor reflexes in an effort to understand something of human spinal cord function and the way this is changed pathologically to produce such abnormalities as flexor spasms (Shahani and Young, 1971), 'spasticity' and 'rigidity'. …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human flexor reflexes

Shahani

Young

1971

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

221

107

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Flexor reflexes have been of interest to physiologists at least since the early part of this century, and Sherrington (1910) and his collaborators (Creed, Denny-Brown, Eccles, Liddell, and Sherrington, 1932) were pre-eminent in their study. A number of detailed investigations of human flexor reflexes have been carried out in the past 20 years (Kugelberg, 1948, Pedersen, 1954, Hagbarth, 1960, Kugelberg, Eklund, and Grimby, 1960, Hagbarth and Finer, 1963, Dimitrijevic and Nathan, 1968, but because of multiple variations in technique, it is often very difficult to compare the results obtained by different investigators.We began this study of flexor reflexes in an effort to understand something of human spinal cord function and the way this is changed pathologically to produce such abnormalities as flexor spasms (Shahani and Young, 1971), 'spasticity' and 'rigidity'.

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An Electromyographic Study of the Nociceptive Reflexes of the Lower Limb. Mechanism of the Plantar Responses

Cited by 168 publications

References 0 publications

Chronic Tension-Type Headache: Muscle Overactivity Versus Deficient Pain Controls

Chronic Tension-Type Headache: Muscle Overactivity Versus Deficient Pain Controls

Nociceptive flexion reflex thresholds and pain during rest and computer game play in patients with hypertension and individuals at risk for hypertension

Human flexor reflexes

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