An Electron-Conducting Cross-Linked Polyaniline-Based Redox Hydrogel, Formed in One Step at pH 7.2, Wires Glucose Oxidase

Mano, Nicolas; Yoo, Joung Eun; Tarver, Jacob; Loo, Yueh‐Lin; Heller, Adam

doi:10.1021/ja071946c

Cited by 116 publications

(81 citation statements)

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“…To date, the synthetic routes toward conducting polymer hydrogels include synthesizing a conducting polymer monomer within a nonconducting hydrogel matrix (8,9) using multivalent metal ions (Fe 3þ or Mg 2þ ) to crosslink poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) (10,11) and using nonconducting poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether, or poly(styrenesulfonate) to crosslink PAni (12,13); however, nonconducting hydrogel matrix and polymers result in the deterioration of the electrical properties, whereas excessive metal ions may reduce the biocompatibility of hydrogels. Moreover, there have yet been any reports in regard to conductive hydrogels that can be facilely micropatterned, which is important for fabricating hydrogel-based electronic devices.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchical nanostructured conducting polymer hydrogel with high electrochemical activity

Pan

Yu²,

Zhai

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

1,091

895

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Conducting polymer hydrogels represent a unique class of materials that synergizes the advantageous features of hydrogels and organic conductors and have been used in many applications such as bioelectronics and energy storage devices. They are often synthesized by polymerizing conductive polymer monomer within a nonconducting hydrogel matrix, resulting in deterioration of their electrical properties. Here, we report a scalable and versatile synthesis of multifunctional polyaniline (PAni) hydrogel with excellent electronic conductivity and electrochemical properties. With high surface area and three-dimensional porous nanostructures, the PAni hydrogels demonstrated potential as high-performance supercapacitor electrodes with high specific capacitance (∼480 F·g −1 ), unprecedented rate capability, and cycling stability (∼83% capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles). The PAni hydrogels can also function as the active component of glucose oxidase sensors with fast response time (∼0.3 s) and superior sensitivity (∼16.7 μA·mM −1 ). The scalable synthesis and excellent electrode performance of the PAni hydrogel make it an attractive candidate for bioelectronics and future-generation energy storage electrodes.conductive polymer hydrogel | supercapacitors | biosensors H ydrogels are polymeric networks that have a high level of hydration and three-dimensional (3D) microstructures bearing similarities to natural tissues (1, 2). Hydrogels based on conducting polymers [e.g., polythiophene, polyaniline (PAni), and polypyrrole] combine the unique properties of hydrogels with the electrical and optical properties of metals or semiconductors (3-6) thus offering an array of features such as intrinsic 3D microstructured conducting frameworks that promote the transport of charges, ions, and molecules (7). Conducting polymer hydrogels provide an excellent interface between the electronictransporting phase (electrode) and the ionic-transporting phase (electrolyte), between biological and synthetic systems, as well as between soft and hard materials (8). As a result, conducting polymer hydrogels have demonstrated great potential for a broad range of applications from energy storage devices such as biofuel cells and supercapacitors, to molecular and bioelectronics (9) and medical electrodes (8).To date, the synthetic routes toward conducting polymer hydrogels include synthesizing a conducting polymer monomer within a nonconducting hydrogel matrix (8, 9) using multivalent metal ions (Fe 3þ or Mg 2þ ) to crosslink poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) (10, 11) and using nonconducting poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether, or poly(styrenesulfonate) to crosslink PAni (12, 13); however, nonconducting hydrogel matrix and polymers result in the deterioration of the electrical properties, whereas excessive metal ions may reduce the biocompatibility of hydrogels. Moreover, there have yet been any reports in regard to conductive hydrogels that can be facilely micropatterned, which is important for fabricating hy...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchical nanostructured conducting polymer hydrogel with high electrochemical activity

Pan

Yu²,

Zhai

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

1,091

895

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“…Mano et al also presented an electron-conducting cross-linked polyaniline-based redox hydrogel. The active film was created in a one-step process (by cross-linking a polymer acid-templated PANI with a watersoluble poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE)) [68]. Glucose oxidase was immobilized in the hydrogel by simultaneously co-cross-linking, leading to the electrical wiring of the protein.…”

Section: Biosensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conducting Polymers in Sensor Design

Sołoducho¹,

Cabaj²

2016

Conducting Polymers

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Conducting polymers (CPs) as well as conducting polymer nanoparticles seem to be very applicable for the development of various analyte-recognizing elements of sensors and biosensors. This chapter reviews mainly fabrication methods as well as application of conducting polymers in sensors. Conducting polymers (CPs) have been applied in the design of catalytic and affinity biosensors as immobilization matrixes, signal transduction systems, and even analyte-recognizing components. Various types of conducting and electrochemically generated polymer-based electrochemical sensors were developed including amperometric catalytic and potentiodynamic affinity sensors. A very specific interaction of analyte with immobilized biological element results in the formation of reaction products.

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“…for controlled release [21] or catalysis, [22] an ionically crosslinked polyphosphazene, [23] and a poly(acrylic acid) system comprising b-cyclodextrin/ferrocenecarboxylic acid crosslinks. [24] In the case of the latter two, crosslinks were broken and restored by redox reactions, which led to reversible swelling-contraction or sol-and gel-like behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(ferrocenylsilane) Gels and Hydrogels with Redox‐Controlled Actuation

Hempenius

Cirmi

Savio

et al. 2010

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

111

103

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This concise paper discusses poly(ferrocenylsilane) (PFS)-based organometallic gels and hydrogels as a novel class of redox-responsive materials. First, the use of silicon-bridged spirocyclic [1]ferrocenophane crosslinkers for creating PFS networks swellable in organic solvents is described. Optical properties of PFS composite colloidal crystal films, composed of monodisperse silica spheres embedded in such PFS networks, are shown to be influenced by solvent swelling or redox chemistry, allowing the use of these composites in photonic crystal full-color displays. The synthesis of networks composed of water-soluble PFS polyanions or polycations is discussed. In response to redox stimuli, a polyanionic PFS-hydrogel exerted a pressure, which could render it useful as an actuator.

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An Electron-Conducting Cross-Linked Polyaniline-Based Redox Hydrogel, Formed in One Step at pH 7.2, Wires Glucose Oxidase

Cited by 116 publications

References 20 publications

Hierarchical nanostructured conducting polymer hydrogel with high electrochemical activity

Hierarchical nanostructured conducting polymer hydrogel with high electrochemical activity

Conducting Polymers in Sensor Design

Poly(ferrocenylsilane) Gels and Hydrogels with Redox‐Controlled Actuation

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