An electronic Mach–Zehnder interferometer

Ji, Yang; Chung, Yunchul; Sprinzak, David; Heiblum, Moty; Mahalu, D.; Shtrikman, Hadas

doi:10.1038/nature01503

Cited by 755 publications

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References 19 publications

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“…If the contact is almost completely closed, it provides a tunnel contact, which can be used to built quantum dots (QDs) (GoldhaberGordon et al, 1998). A QPC where the first mode is half open, is used to detect charge (Field et al, 1993) or as an electron beam splitter in quantum Hall bars (Ji et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microscopic origin of the ‘0.7-anomaly’ in quantum point contacts

Bauer

Heyder

Schubert

et al. 2013

Nature

100

184

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microscopic origin of the ‘0.7-anomaly’ in quantum point contacts

Bauer

Heyder

Schubert

et al. 2013

Nature

100

184

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“…It uses the electronic Mach-Zehnder interferometer recently designed at the Weizmann Institute [17]; see Fig. 1(a).…”

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confidence: 99%

Detecting Non-Abelian Statistics with an Electronic Mach-Zehnder Interferometer

2006

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Fractionally charged quasiparticles in the quantum Hall state with a filling factor 5=2 are expected to obey non-Abelian statistics. We demonstrate that their statistics can be probed by transport measurements in an electronic Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The tunneling current through the interferometer exhibits a characteristic dependence on the magnetic flux and a nonanalytic dependence on the tunneling amplitudes which can be controlled by gate voltages. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.186803 PACS numbers: 73.43.Jn, 73.43.Cd, 73.43.Fj One of the central features of the quantum Hall effect (QHE) is the fractional charge and statistics of quasiparticles. The quantum state of bosons or fermions does not change when one particle makes a full turn around another. On the other hand, Laughlin quasiparticles pick up nontrivial phases when they encircle each other. Non-Abelian statistics predicted in some QHE systems [1,2] is even more interesting: The state vector changes its direction in the Hilbert space after a particle makes a full circle.Shot noise experiments [3] allowed the observation of fractional charges in QHE liquids. Probing fractional statistics is more difficult. It was argued that the mutual statistics of nonidentical quasiparticles was detected in a recent experiment [4] by Camino et al.; however, the interpretation of the experimental results remains controversial [5,6]. There are several theoretical proposals for observing the statistics of identical Abelian quasiparticles [7][8][9][10] but none of them has been realized experimentally.Detecting non-Abelian anyons is of special interest due to their promise for fault-tolerant quantum computation [11]. One approach for their observation and probing their statistics is based on current noise in complex geometries [12,13]. A simpler proposal involves current through an Aharonov-Bohm interferometer with trapped quasiparticles [14,15]. This method should work if the number of trapped quasiparticles does not fluctuate on the measurement time scale [9]. Such a condition might be difficult to satisfy in non-Abelian systems, where the excitation gap is relatively low [16].We suggest another method, which is free from this limitation. It uses the electronic Mach-Zehnder interferometer recently designed at the Weizmann Institute [17]; see Fig. 1(a). We consider the 5=2 QHE state and show that the tunneling current I through the interferometer contains signatures of non-Abelian statistics. The current (8) is a periodic function of the magnetic flux through the interferometer with period 0 hc=e, but, in contrast with the Abelian case [10], it is not a simple sine wave. Note the nonanalytic dependence on the interedge tunneling amplitudes ÿ 1 and ÿ 2 at the quantum point contacts (constrictions) QPC1 and QPC2. In the limit of ÿ 2 ÿ 1 , the formula for the current assumes a sinusoidal form, I I 0 I cos 2 = 0 const , where the fluxdependent and flux-independent terms are related by the scaling law: The Letter is organized as follows. First, we briefly discuss the ...

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“…1, was fabricated at the Weizmann Institute. 26 Unlike the Fabry-Pérot interferometer proposed in Ref. 12 in which the interference pattern can be destroyed by fluctuations of the number of quasiparticles trapped inside the interferometer, the MZI interferometer is free from this limitation as long as the fluctuations are sufficiently slow compared to the quasiparticle tunneling rate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing non-Abelian statistics inν=12/5quantum Hall state

Law

2008

Phys. Rev. B

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The tunneling current and shot noise of the current between two fractional quantum hall ͑FQH͒ edges in the =12/ 5 FQH state in an electronic Mach-Zehnder interferometer are studied. It is shown that the tunneling current and shot noise can be used to probe the existence of k = 3 parafermion statistics in the =12/ 5 FQH state. More specifically, the dependence of the current on the Aharonov-Bohm flux in the Read-Rezayi state is asymmetric under the change in the sign of the applied voltage. This property is absent in the AbelianLaughlin states. Moreover, the Fano factor can exceed 12.7 electron charges in the =12/ 5 FQH state. This number well exceeds the maximum possible Fano factor in all Laughlin states and the =5/ 2 Moore-Read state, which was previously shown to be e and 3.2e, respectively.

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An electronic Mach–Zehnder interferometer

Cited by 755 publications

References 19 publications

Microscopic origin of the ‘0.7-anomaly’ in quantum point contacts

Microscopic origin of the ‘0.7-anomaly’ in quantum point contacts

Detecting Non-Abelian Statistics with an Electronic Mach-Zehnder Interferometer

Probing non-Abelian statistics inν=12/5quantum Hall state

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