An “electronic tongue” design for the qualitative analysis of natural waters

Martínez‐Máñez, Ramón; Soto, Juán; García‐Breijo, Eduardo; Gil, Luisa Fernanda Muriel; Ibáñez, Javier; Llobet, Eduard

doi:10.1016/j.snb.2004.05.022

Cited by 130 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This measurement system is self-built. Details of its construction have been reported 82 elsewhere [20]. The humid electronic nose was inspired in biological olfaction which needs a wet medium for the 102 absorption of volatile components.…”

Section: Measurement System 77mentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel humid electronic nose combined with an electronic tongue for assessing deterioration of wine

Gil-Sánchez

Soto

Martínez‐Máñez

et al. 2011

Sensors and Actuators A: Physical

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ElsevierGil Sánchez, L.; Soto Camino, J.; Martínez Mañez, R.; García Breijo, E.; Ibáñez Civera, FJ.; Llobet Valero, E. (2011). A novel humid electronic nose combined with an electronic tongue for assessing deterioration of wine. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical. 171 (2) Abstract: We report herein the use of a combined system for the analysis of the spoilage of wine 16 when in contact with air. The system consists of a potentiometric electronic tongue and a humid 17 electronic nose. The potentiometric electronic tongue was built with thick-film serigraphic techniques 18 using commercially available resistances and conductors for hybrid electronic circuits; i.e. Ag, Au, 19 Cu, Ru, AgCl, and C. The humid electronic nose was designed in order to detect vapours that emanate 20 from the wine and are apprehended by a moist environment. The humid nose was constructed using a 21 piece of thin cloth sewn, damped with distilled water, forming five hollows of the right size to 22 introduce the electrodes. In this particular case four electrodes were used for the humid electronic 23 nose: a glass electrode, aluminium (Al), graphite and platinum (Pt) wires and an Ag-AgCl reference 24 electrode. The humid electronic nose together with the potentiometric electronic tongue were used for 25 the evaluation of the evolution in the course of time of wine samples. Additionally to the analysis 26 performed by the tongue and nose, the spoilage of the wines was followed via a simple determination 27 of the titratable (total) acidity. 28

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Section: Measurement System 77mentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel humid electronic nose combined with an electronic tongue for assessing deterioration of wine

Gil-Sánchez

Soto

Martínez‐Máñez

et al. 2011

Sensors and Actuators A: Physical

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“…The protective upper layer paste was model D2020823D2 supplied by GWENT. The process of fabricating these types of electrodes has been explained in a previous paper [15,20].…”

Section: Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…k is the output nodes (k: 1-7). j is the hidden nodes (j: [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]: Because the output function is a Tansig, the output has a value in the range [-1,1] so they must be made to fit among [0,1] using Eq. (2).…”

Section: Implementation Of the Multi-layer Feed-forward Neural Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They require a training stage, where the weights of each neuron are set, and another validation stage [14]. The Fuzzy ARTMAP network uses the so-called adaptive resonance method and is based on the use of prior actions to predict subsequent steps [15]. For LDA the method is a probabilistic parametric classification technique and maximizes the variance between categories and minimizes the variance within categories, by means of a data projection from a high dimensional space to a low dimensional space.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A comparison study of pattern recognition algorithms implemented on a microcontroller for use in an electronic tongue for monitoring drinking waters

García‐Breijo

Atkinson

Gil-Sánchez

et al. 2011

Sensors and Actuators A: Physical

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a b s t r a c tA portable electronic tongue has been developed using an array of eighteen thick-film electrodes of different materials forming a multi-electrode array. A microcontroller is used to implement the pattern recognition. The classification of drinking waters is carried out by a Microchip PIC18F4550 microcontroller and is based on neural networks algorithms. These algorithm are initially trained with the multi-electrode array on a Personal Computer (PC) using several samples of waters (still, sparkling and tap) to obtain the optimum architecture of the networks. Once it is trained, the computed data are programmed into the microcontroller, which then gives the water classification directly for new unknown water samples. A comparative study between a Fuzzy ARTMAP, a Multi-Layer Feed-Forward network (MLFF) and a Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) has been done in order to obtain the best implementation on a microcontroller.

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“…Further, Jańczyk et al (2010) used ion selective electrode for detection of micro-encapsulation effect of pharmaceutical ingredients. As far as the classification of water containments are concerned, Martínez-Máñez et al (2005) developed an electronic tongue for the qualitative analysis of natural waters using Fuzzy ARTMAP neural network with success rate higher than 93%. Hong Men et al (2005) have developed an integrated electronic tongue which includes multiple light addressable potentiometric sensors and electrochemical electrodes for the detection of Fe(III), Cr(VI) and HMI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification of heavy metal ions present in multi-frequency multi-electrode potable water data using evolutionary algorithm

et al. 2016

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Access to potable water for the common people is one of the most challenging tasks in the present era. Contamination of drinking water has become a serious problem due to various anthropogenic and geogenic events. The paper demonstrates the application of evolutionary algorithms, viz., particle swan optimization and genetic algorithm to 24 water samples containing eight different heavy metal ions (Cd, Cu, Co, Pb, Zn, Ar, Cr and Ni) for the optimal estimation of electrode and frequency to classify the heavy metal ions. The work has been carried out on multi-variate data, viz., single electrode multi-frequency, single frequency multi-electrode and multi-frequency multi-electrode water samples. The electrodes used are platinum, gold, silver nanoparticles and glassy carbon electrodes. Various hazardous metal ions present in the water samples have been optimally classified and validated by the application of Davis Bouldin index. Such studies are useful in the segregation of hazardous heavy metal ions found in water resources, thereby quantifying the degree of water quality.

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An “electronic tongue” design for the qualitative analysis of natural waters

Cited by 130 publications

References 16 publications

A novel humid electronic nose combined with an electronic tongue for assessing deterioration of wine

A novel humid electronic nose combined with an electronic tongue for assessing deterioration of wine

A comparison study of pattern recognition algorithms implemented on a microcontroller for use in an electronic tongue for monitoring drinking waters

Classification of heavy metal ions present in multi-frequency multi-electrode potable water data using evolutionary algorithm

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