An electrophysiological and pharmacological study of visceral smooth muscle and its innervation in a mollusc, Poneroplax albida

Burnstock, Geoffrey; Greenberg, Michael J.; Kirby, Seth; Willis, Anusuya

doi:10.1016/0010-406x(67)90395-7

Cited by 22 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Some molluscan muscle, however, does display a "spike-like" response, usually less than 20 mV in amplitude. Such responses have been reported to occur when the muscle fibers are depolarized, as by increased [K+]o (Burnstock et al, 1967;Hill et al, 1970) or by repetitive nerve stimulation (Hill et al, 1970;Kobayashi, 1972). It is possible that some portion of the large fast ejps with initially rapid repolarizations in the penis retractor muscle (Fig.…”

Section: Physiological Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Indirect support of electrical coupling of these retractor muscle fibers is provided by our sucrose gap results. Since the individual fiber lengths are quite short relative to the width of the sucrose perfusion chamber, some low-resistance intercommunication must exist among the fibers (Burnstock and Straub, 1958;Burnstock, Holman, and Prosser, 1963;Burnstock, Greenberg, Kirby, and Willis, 1967).…”

Section: Physiological Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sucrose gap recording. Because of the difficulties of recording intracellularly from the small contractile muscle fibers, we turned to sucrose gap recording (Burnstock and Straub, 1958;Stiimpfli, 1954), a technique successfully employed with other molluscan muscles (Burnstock et al, 1967;Hill et al, 1970;Kobayashi, 1972;Wilkens, 1972). We first examined the resting membrane permeabilities of the gap-recorded penis retractor muscle.…”

Section: Physiological Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this is not always the rule. In a chiton the posterior intestinal muscle closely corresponds to the "unitary" type, while the rectal muscle resembles the "multiunit" type (Burnstock et al, 1967).…”

Section: Discuss I 0 Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physiological properties of the penis retractor muscle of Aplysia

1977

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The properties of the penis retractor muscle of Aplysia have been studied using intracellular, sucrose gap and tension recording. The fibers are of the invertebrate smooth muscle type and exhibit slow contractions which occur spontaneously or in response to stretch in isolated preparations. Individual muscle fibers are innervated by excitatory and inhibitory axons. A variety of sizes of excitatory and inhibitory junctional potentials can be recorded from them. The innervation is probably diffuse and functionally polyneuronal. The fibers are electrically coupled, permeable to potassium and chloride at rest, and exhibit no overshooting active responses. The muscle shows graded responses of depolarization and contraction proportional to strength of nerve stimulation. Facilitation and depression of junctional potentials are seen with various frequencies of nerve stimulation. Post-tetanic potentiation occurs with nerve stimulation at frequencies from 2 to 50 Hz and is suppressed in the presence of increased extracellular calcium concentrations.

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Section: Physiological Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Physiological Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physiological Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discuss I 0 Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Physiological properties of the penis retractor muscle of Aplysia

1977

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“…The widespread belief that such centralisation would be minimal based on the apparent absence of a brain would limit motivation for such studies. Electrophysiological techniques have been deployed only for studies of muscle physiology and pericardial innervation (Burnstock, Greenberg, Kirby, & Willis, ; Matsumura & Kuwasawa, ), and no published recordings have ever been taken directly from the nervous system itself. Exploratory recordings taken from the anterior nervous system of Leptochiton asellus indicated potential concentration of nerve activity in the circumoesophageal nerve ring compared to the lateral and ventral nerve cords (Sumner‐Rooney, ); spike frequency and amplitude were dramatically increased in the nerve ring.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do chitons have a brain? New evidence for diversity and complexity in the polyplacophoran central nervous system

Sumner‐Rooney

Sigwart

2018

Journal of Morphology

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Molluscs demonstrate astonishing morphological diversity, and the relationships among clades have been debated for more than a century. Molluscan nervous systems range from simple 'ladder-like' cords to the complex brains of cephalopods. Chitons (Polyplacophora) are assumed to retain many molluscan plesiomorphies, lacking neural condensation and ganglionic structure, and therefore a brain. We reconstructed three-dimensional anatomical models of the nervous system in eight species of chitons in an attempt to clarify chiton neuroarchitecture and its variability. We combined new data with digitised historic slide material originally used by malacologist Johannes Thiele (1860-1935). Reconstructions of whole nervous systems in Acanthochitona fascicularis, Callochiton septemvalvis, Chiton olivaceus, Hemiarthrum setulosum, Lepidochitona cinerea, Lepidopleurus cajetanus and Leptochiton asellus, and the anterior nervous system of Schizoplax brandtii, demonstrated consistent and substantial anterior neural concentration in the circumoesophageal nerve ring. This is further organised into three concentric tracts, corresponding to the lateral, ventral and cerebral nerve cords. These represent homologues to the three main pairs of ganglia in other molluscs. Their relative size, shape and organisation are highly variable among the examined taxa, but consistent with previous studies of select species, and we formulated a set of neuroanatomical characters for chitons. These support anatomical transitions at the ordinal and subordinal levels; the identification of robust homologies in neural architecture will be central to future comparisons across Mollusca and, more broadly, Lophotrochozoa. Contrary to almost all previous descriptions, the size and structure of the chiton anterior nerve ring unambiguously qualify it as a true brain with cordal substructure.

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Evolution and Diversity of Nonstriated Muscles

Prosser

1980

Comprehensive Physiology

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An electrophysiological and pharmacological study of visceral smooth muscle and its innervation in a mollusc, Poneroplax albida

Cited by 22 publications

References 30 publications

Physiological properties of the penis retractor muscle of Aplysia

Physiological properties of the penis retractor muscle of Aplysia

Do chitons have a brain? New evidence for diversity and complexity in the polyplacophoran central nervous system

Evolution and Diversity of Nonstriated Muscles

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