An EMDR Therapy Primer

Hensley, Barbara J.

doi:10.1891/9780826194558

Cited by 5 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Similar to modalities such as EMDR and EFT, the RET protocol was found to be effective in not only reducing Alan's emotional reactivity arising from the memory of his traumatic medical emergency and subsequent re-experiencing, but also in achieving a sense of acceptance that the experience had ceased, and that he was still alive. Individuals undergoing EMDR often reflect on the reduced lucidity of prior traumatic memories, alongside a reduction in affect (Hensley, 2009); the same is found for EFT (Church, 2013). The outcome difference in the present study when comparing the RET protocol with EMDR was the time taken to achieve a sense of complete resolution: the first memory was "reprocessed" in 25 minutes; the second in 58 minutes (which was consistent with MacKinnon's [2014] case examples).…”

Section: /18supporting

confidence: 81%

Applying the Radical Exposure Tapping Protocol in the Treatment of Trauma-Related Emotional Reactivity: A Phenomenological Case Study

Barna¹,

O’Hara²

2019

Psychotherapy and Counselling Journal of Australia

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This study aimed to investigate the phenomenological experience of an individual engaged in the Radical Exposure Tapping (RET) protocol (MacKinnon, 2014) for trauma-related emotional reactivity. A single case study design was selected to allow for a comprehensive investigation of the participant’s experience following the administration of the RET protocol. Qualitative methods, including interpretive phenomenological analysis (Smith & Osborn, 2009; Smith & Osborn, 2015), were used as the participant’s experience was of primary importance. Data analysis revealed three superordinate themes resulting from the process of the RET protocol—emotional experiences, memory processing, and vulnerability—with each theme comprising various interrelating subordinate themes. Findings suggested the usefulness of the RET protocol in the reduction of trauma-related emotional reactivity for the case study participant, with relevant limitations discussed. More, however, needs to be known about the outcome reliability and mechanism(s) of change for the RET protocol in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology.

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Section: /18supporting

confidence: 81%

Applying the Radical Exposure Tapping Protocol in the Treatment of Trauma-Related Emotional Reactivity: A Phenomenological Case Study

Barna¹,

O’Hara²

2019

Psychotherapy and Counselling Journal of Australia

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“…The counseling intervention may have not only contributed positively to levels of psychological need satisfaction but to the other dependent variables of psychological resilience, psychological well-being, and small-t traumas. This is because an examination of the literature has clearly shown that small-t trauma stems from unmet basic psychological needs (Hensley, 2015), but the satisfaction of such needs reduces the effects of small-t trauma and increases psychological resilience (Haeffel & Grigorenko, 2007;Malkoç & Yalçın, 2015) and psychological well-being (Deveci, 2007;Hamurcu, 2011;Telef, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In short, EMDR is regarded as being able to reinforce positive emotions so that an individual may be able to meet their need for autonomy by managing their life and having a greater capacity to make choices (F. . Finally, it is also believed that EMDR can have a positive effect on the need for relatedness, as it reduces permanent negative effects on family and social relationships and strengthens skills that are critical for developing interpersonal relations (Gelinas, 2010;Hensley, 2015;F. Shapiro, 2001).…”

Section: Study Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing-based online group counseling for university students: Psychological need satisfaction, psychological resilience, psychological well-being, and small ‘t’ trauma.

Yilmaz Dinç,

Sapmaz

2024

Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy

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Objectives: The present study explored the effect of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)-based online group counseling for university students whose basic psychological needs had not been met in relation to need satisfaction, psychological resilience, psychological well-being, and small "t" trauma. Method: Using three measurements, namely a pretest, posttest, and follow-up test, this study employed a 4 × 3 experimental design comprising four groups, two experiments, one control group, and one placebo group. The data were collected using the Psychological Need Satisfaction Scale, Psychological Well-Being Scale, and Small-t Trauma Effects Scale. A two-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni correction were performed for the data analysis. Results: The findings showed a significant positive time-intervention interaction effect with respect to psychological needs and its subcategories (autonomy, relatedness, and competence), as well as psychological resilience, psychological well-being, and the small-t trauma effect and its two subcategories (negative effects on self and future perception and negative effects on emotions, thoughts, and behaviors). The effect of EMDR-based online group counseling on negative effects on body sense (the subcategory of small-t trauma) showed no significant interaction of time and intervention. Conclusion: The results indicated that, in addition to healing trauma, EMDR was also found to be effective in relation to psychological resilience and well-being. Clinical Impact StatementThis study highlights how trauma treatment can be useful for those without major trauma. In this study, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) was found to be effective not only in relation to small "t" traumas, but also in building psychological resilience and well-being. It is believed that this study has the potential to contribute to the field of psychological trauma, particularly in terms of broadening the use of EMDR for different applications and in addressing the influence of childhood rearing practices (such as those defined as small-t trauma) on psychological functioning and well-being in later life.

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“…Psychological needs play a significant role in shaping the impact of the mentioned experiences. Hensley (Hensley, 2015) listed unmet needs among the factors that cause small 't' trauma. Psychological needs are commonly defined in the literature as vital psychological nutrients that are essential for individuals ' adjustment, well-being, and personal growth (Kanat et al, 2016;Vansteenkiste et al, 2020;Van Hooff & De Pater, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing The Scale For Identifying Small ‘t Traumatic Experiences

YILMAZ DİNÇ,

SAPMAZ

2023

akef

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Objectives: The objective of the research was to create the "Small ‘t’ Traumatic Experiences Identification Scale" for the purpose of identifying small ‘t’ traumatics experiences and to investigate the influence of psychological needs on small ‘t’ traumatic occurrences. Method: The study participants consisted of 549 individuals for the exploratory factor analysis, 307 for the confirmatory factor analysis, and 89 for the testretest analysis, all over the age of 18. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were employed to assess the construct validity of the newly developed scale. Reliability analyses of the scale were performed using test-retest and internal consistency coefficients. Following the creation of the scale, multiple linear regression analyses (MLRA) were conducted using data from 806 university students to ascertain the extent to which psychological needs, along with their sub-dimensions, predict small ‘t’ traumatic experiences. Findings: The goodness of fit indices were χ2/sd (3102.59/942) =3.29, p=.001, SRMR: .064; NNFI:96; IFI=.96; CFI=.96; RMSEA=.087. The internal consistency coefficients were .96 for ‘Small ‘t’ Trauma Related to Family Relationships’, .92 for ‘Small ‘t’ Trauma Related to Social Relationships’, and .76 for ‘Small ‘t’ Trauma Related to Physiological Needs’, and .96 for the total scale. Result: The findings of the study indicated that the developed scale exhibited a three-factor structure and demonstrated satisfactory levels of validity and reliability, supporting its suitability for application. Additionally, the study revealed that psychological needs emerged as a significant predictor of small ‘t’ traumatic experiences based on the obtained results.

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An EMDR Therapy Primer

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Applying the Radical Exposure Tapping Protocol in the Treatment of Trauma-Related Emotional Reactivity: A Phenomenological Case Study

Applying the Radical Exposure Tapping Protocol in the Treatment of Trauma-Related Emotional Reactivity: A Phenomenological Case Study

The effect of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing-based online group counseling for university students: Psychological need satisfaction, psychological resilience, psychological well-being, and small ‘t’ trauma.

Developing The Scale For Identifying Small ‘t Traumatic Experiences

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