An emendation of Scleroderma, new records, and review of the known species in Mexico

Abstract

An emendation of the generic description of Scleroderma is proposed to consider the membranaceous veil like, or granulose patches, both on the base of the globose basidiome or on the upper part of the stipe, formed by the growth of the basidiome, which breaks the exoperidium. Veligaster previously segregated by this character, is a the genus for S. verrucosum, Sect. Aculeatispora is now a synonym of Sect. Scleroderma, and S. citrinum that was in Sect. Scleroderma is now in a new section named Reticulatae. A review of the 21 Mexican species of Scleroderma is presented, 14 of these are accepted. The most common species in the country is S. nitidum in the tropical and subtropical forests. New localities from Mexico and foreign countries are discussed in S.

Discovery or Extinction of New Scleroderma Species in Amazonia?

“…anomalosporum , and different ornamentation: subreticulated and lightly echinulate spores in S . polyrhizum [23,30], and reticulated in S . texense [23,30].…”

“…The morphological analyzes with dry material followed preliminary studies [23,30,40,41,42,43], and were performed in the fungal biology laboratory at the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Measurements were performed using a ruler attached to the microscope with smallest divisions at 1 mm.…”

“…In accordance with Guzmán et al [23], Scleroderma is divided into three sections based on the surface structure of the basidiospores and on the presence or absence of a clamp connection: (1) Reticulatae , characterized by reticulated spores, (2) Scleroderma , with echinulate spores, and (3) Sclerangium , presenting subreticulated spores. Molecular studies, based on comparison of Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) nrDNA, confirm this classification [24,25].…”

Primer registro de Scleroderma bovista (Boletales, Sclerodermataceae) para Colombia

“…Gilbert, (Hughey et al 2000;Binder & Bresinsky 2002;Louzan et al 2007;Wilson et al 2011). Este grupo de hongos gasteroides comúnmente conocido como bejines, hongos polvera o bolas de tierra (Jeffries 1999;Wright & Albertó 2006), se caracterizan por presentar basidiomas globosos, subglobosos o piriformes; sésiles, pseudostipitados o con estípite bien desarrollado; de habito epigeos a subepigeos, raramente hipogeos y microscópicamente mostrando basidiosporas globosas reticuladas o equinuladas (Guzmán 1970;Sims et al 1995;Giachini et al 2000;Cortez et al 2011;Nouhra et al 2012;Yousaf et al 2012;Guzmán et al 2013).…”

“…Scleroderma se distribuye en todo el mundo, desarrollándose en ecosistemas templados, subtropicales y tropicales (Guzmán et al 2013;Montagner et al 2015). Para Colombia, de acuerdo a Vasco-Palacios y Franco-Molano (2013) el género está representado por tres especies: S. albidum Pat.…”