An Emerging Threat of Ceftriaxone-Resistant Non-Typhoidal Salmonella in South India: Incidence and Molecular Profile

Pragasam, Agila Kumari; Anandan, Shalini; John, James; Neeravi, Ayyanraj; Narasimman, Vignesh; Sethuvel, Dhiviya Prabaa Muthuirulandi; Elangovan, Divyaa; Veeraraghavan, Balaji

doi:10.4103/ijmm.ijmm_19_300

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Gastroenteritis induced by NTS is usually self-limited, and antibiotics are usually not indicated for uncomplicated infection, as expected for children and immunocompromised patients ( Pragasam et al, 2019 ). In the current study, in addition to gastrointestinal Salmonella infection, we found other invasive NTS (iNTS) infections, such as bloodstream infections, abdominal infection, and osteomyelitis, and even ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella bloodstream infection, which caused an increased burden on clinical treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The serogroup of Salmonella is diverse worldwide. The majority serogroup of Salmonella in South India was serogroup B followed by E and C1/C2 ( Pragasam et al, 2019 ), and the most prevalent ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella serotype was serovar Heidelberg, followed by Newport in the United States ( Medalla et al, 2016 ). In this study, we found that Salmonella Typhimurium represented the overwhelming majority of ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and Characteristics of Ceftriaxone-Resistant Salmonella in Children’s Hospital in Hangzhou, China

Shi

Lan

et al. 2021

Front. Microbiol.

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The non-Typhi Salmonella (NTS) infection is critical to children’s health, and the ceftriaxone is the important empirical treatment choice. With the increase resistance rate of ceftriaxone in Salmonella, the molecular epidemiology and resistance mechanism of ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella needs to be studied. From July 2019 to July 2020, a total of 205 NTS isolates were collected, 195 of which (95.1%) were cultured from stool, but 10 isolates were isolated from an extraintestinal site. Serogroup B accounted for the vast majority (137/205) among the isolates. Fifty-three isolates were resistant to ceftriaxone, and 50 were isolated from children younger than 4years of age. The resistance rates for ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin were significantly higher in younger children than the older children. The resistance genes in the ceftriaxone-susceptible isolates were detected by PCR, and ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella were selected for further whole-genome sequencing. Whole-genome analysis showed that serotype Typhimurium and its monophasic variant was the most prevalent in ceftriaxone-resistant isolates (37/53), which comprised ST34 (33/53), ST19 (2/53), and ST99 (2/53), and they were close related in the phylogenetic tree. However, the other isolates were diverse, which included one Enteritidis (ST11), one Indiana (ST17), one Derby (ST40), four Kentucky (ST198), two Goldcoast (ST2529, ST358), one Muenster (ST321), one Virchow (ST359), one Rissen (ST469), one Kedougou (ST1543), two Uganda (ST684), and one Kottbus (ST8839). Moreover, CTX-M-55 ESBLs production (33/53) was found to be mainly responsible for ceftriaxone resistance, followed by blaCTX-M-65 (12/53), blaCTX-M-14 (4/53), blaCTX-M-9 (2/53), blaCTX-M-64 (1/53), blaCTX-M-130 (1/53), and blaCMY-2 (1/53). ISEcp1, IS903B, IS Kpn26, IS1F, and IS26 were connected to antimicrobial resistance genes transfer. In conclusion, the dissemination of ESBL-producing Salmonella isolates resulted in an increased prevalence of ceftriaxone resistance in young children. The high rate of multidrug resistance should be given additional attention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Characteristics of Ceftriaxone-Resistant Salmonella in Children’s Hospital in Hangzhou, China

Shi

Lan

et al. 2021

Front. Microbiol.

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“…There was only one multi drug resistant Salmonella isolated in our study but the emergence of ceftriaxone resistant NTS is of grave concern and needs further attention. The study conducted in India by Pragasam et al showed a 5% prevalence of ceftriaxone resistance in Non typhoidal Salmonella , which is extremely concerning ( 28 ). Study conducted in Nepal by Bastola et al showed that ciprofloxacin resistance in Salmonella was only 6.9% ( 29 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Salmonella and Shigella in stool among patients presenting with diarrhea in a tertiary care centre in south India

Sachu

2023

IJM

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Background and Objectives: Bacterial causes of gastroenteritis include Salmonella, Shigella spp, diarrheagenic Esche- richia coli, Vibrio cholera and Campylobacter spp. Although infections caused by NTS (Non Typhoidal Salmonella) and Shigella are usually self-limiting, antibiotic treatment is prefered in severely ill or immunocompromised individuals. The main objective of the study was to find out the prevalence of Salmonella and Shigella among the stool samples received in Believers Church Medical College hospital and the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. Materials and Methods: A total of 805 stool samples collected from cases of diarrhea from January 2018 to December 2021 were processed in the laboratory. Standard bacteriological methods were used to isolate, identify, and determine the antimi- crobial susceptibility pattern of Salmonella and Shigella isolates using the disc diffusion method and interpreted according to CLSI. Results: A total of 100 (12.4%) samples yielded bacterial pathogens. Salmonella was isolated from 97 (12%) samples and Shigella from 3 (0.4%) samples. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium was the predominant serotype, accounting for 53 (54.6%) isolates. Conclusion: This study showed Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium as the predominant isolate causing diarrheal illness. The emergence of multidrug resistant phenotypes warrants the continuous monitoring of susceptibility trend of NTS in India.

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“…In the literature on NTS infection in India, several authors have published their findings on NTS infection at different time points. 3 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 The prior studies have focused mainly on particular geographic areas of the country and consequently have not provided a clear picture of prevalence of NTS infection across India. Therefore, the present research was aimed at studying the distribution of NTS over diverse geographical locations across India, to assess the NTS disease burden throughout the country.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-typhoidal Salmonella infections across India: emergence of a neglected group of enteric pathogens

Kumar

Kumar²,

Kumar

et al. 2022

Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences

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An Emerging Threat of Ceftriaxone-Resistant Non-Typhoidal Salmonella in South India: Incidence and Molecular Profile

Cited by 9 publications

References 27 publications

Prevalence and Characteristics of Ceftriaxone-Resistant Salmonella in Children’s Hospital in Hangzhou, China

Prevalence and Characteristics of Ceftriaxone-Resistant Salmonella in Children’s Hospital in Hangzhou, China

Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Salmonella and Shigella in stool among patients presenting with diarrhea in a tertiary care centre in south India

Non-typhoidal Salmonella infections across India: emergence of a neglected group of enteric pathogens

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