“…The emerging infectious disease (EID) ranavirosis represent a significant threat to ectothermic vertebrate health, and infection with ranaviruses is associated with mass mortality, population extirpations and declines in biodiversity at a global scale (Jancovich et al, 2005;Fox et al, 2006;Bigarre et al, 2008;Ariel et al, 2009;Une et al, 2009;Whittington et al, 2010;Jensen et al, 2011;Allender et al, 2013;Earl and Gray, 2014;Price et al, 2014Price et al, , 2019Stark et al, 2014;Brunner et al, 2015;George et al, 2015;Miaud et al, 2016;Rijks et al, 2016;Rosa et al, 2017). Ranavirus was responsible for multi-species amphibian declines in continental Europe (Price et al, 2014), and of the common frog in the United Kingdom (Teacher et al, 2010), but also alters the age structure of remnant United Kingdom common frog populations (Campbell et al, 2018a). The frequency and severity of disease outbreaks are predicted to worsen alongside human-mediated range expansion of ranaviruses (Jancovich et al, 2005;Schloegel et al, 2009;Price et al, 2016Price et al, , 2019.…”