An Empirical Analysis of Marital Status in Japan

Abstract

This study analyzed the interdependent relationships among marital status, fertility rate and other socioeconomic factors in Japan in the 2000s by using fixed-effect 2SLS. In addition to higher fertility due to an increase in the number of married females, we demonstrated that economic conditions of males and the male co-residence rate have positive and negative co-relation on the married rate, respectively. We also found a downward convex co-relation between co-residence and parental economic condition, indicating that greater parental assets promote co-residence because of independence of children; however, poor independent parents also promote co-residence in case of less parental assets.

Female Unemployment Rate on Fertility Rate in Relation to Reproductive Health Law in the Philippines: A Multivariate Analysis

“…Given high levels of unintended fertility in the Philippines, the findings indicate that concerns regarding sexual initiation and first and subsequent partnerships may be ideal for intervention for reproductive health services for the people (Gipson & Hicks, 2017). Though studies focused on marriage and fertility, few noted their interdependence (Yasuda et al, 2019).…”

“…But a quite closer definition of marriage which is family was defined in the study of Smith (2019) as a household whose members are related in a specific way through marriage, blood or lineage, or adoption. Moreover, fertility rate and marital status are interrelated (Yasuda et al, 2019). Usually, researchers focus on the impact of marriage on fertility because it was assumed that childbearing mostly happens within marriages and it presumes that fertility outside marriage is nonexistent (Biney et al, 2020).…”

“…Yong et al (2019) stated that social status can also affect people's marriage attitudes and the number of children desired. Hertrich (2017), Smith (2019) and Yasuda et al (2019) discovered that age at marriage in the first stage increases together with fertility. However, fertility decreases while the age at marriage continues to increase more or less.…”

“…The Poisson regression model was used by Dommaraju (2011) to examine the influence of marriage age on total fertility. Furthermore, Biney et al (2020) used bivariate and multivariate analysis in their study to investigate the sociodemographic factors and identify predictors of fertility by relationship status while Yasuda et al (2019) constructed their own interdependence model which include marriage, fertility rate and other socioeconomic factors. Lastly, Islam (2017) used the aggregate model of Bongaarts where it expressed the total fertility rate as a multiplicative function of the four indices namely; marriage, contraception, postpartum in fecundability and induced abortion, and the total fecundity rate.…”

“…Several studies see the relative effects of the reduction in the proportion of married women and the reduction in marital fertility (Smith, 2019). Yasuda et al (2019) focused on marriage and fertility in Japan. Results showed that percentage of married female has a positive impact on fertility rate as well as female employment.…”