An empirical approach to the measurement of the cosmic radiation field at jet aircraft altitudes

Green, A.R.; Bennett, L. G. I.; Lewis, Brent J.; Kitching, F.; McCall, M. J.; Desormeaux, M.; Butler, Anthony

doi:10.1016/j.asr.2005.03.061

Cited by 24 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…During the calibrations of Liulin‐type instruments it was found that the absolute values of the measured doses were within 2.8% and 8% of the reference value for the 137 Cs and 60 Co sources, respectively (Spurny & Dachev, ). The response of a LIULIN‐4 spectrometer (identical in construction to R3DR2 instrument) was compared by Green et al () to that of the HAWK TEPC (http://www.fwt.com/detector/fw-ad1ds.htm) on 42 aircraft flights in 2003–2004. On all flights, the absorbed dose measured by both instruments agreed to within 5%.…”

Section: Materials and Methods—r3dr2 Instrument Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of the ISS Radiation Environment Observed during the ESA EXPOSE‐R2 Mission in 2014–2016

et al. 2017

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The radiation risk radiometer‐dosimeter (R3D)‐R2 solid‐state detector performed radiation measurements at the European Space Agency EXPOSE‐R2 platform outside of the Russian “Zvezda” module at the International Space Station (ISS) from 24 October 2014 to 11 January 2016. The ISS orbital parameters were average altitude of 415 km and 51.6° inclination. We developed special software and used experimentally obtained formulas to determine the radiation flux‐to‐dose ratio from the R3DR2 Liulin‐type deposited‐energy spectrometer. We provide for the first time simultaneous, long‐term estimates of radiation dose external to the ISS for four source categories: (i) galactic cosmic ray particles and their secondary products; (ii) protons in the South Atlantic Anomaly region of the inner radiation belt (IRB); (iii) relativistic electrons and/or bremsstrahlung in the outer radiation belt (ORB); and (iv) solar energetic particle (SEP) events. The latter category is new in this study. Additionally, in this study, secondary particles (SP) resulting from energetic particle interaction with the detector and nearby materials are identified. These are observed continuously at high latitudes. The detected SPs are identified using the same sorting requirements as SEP protons. The IRB protons provide the highest consistent hourly dose, while the ORB electrons and SEPs provide the most extreme hourly doses. SEPs were observed 11 times during the study interval. The R3DR2 data support calculation of average equivalent doses. The 30 day and 1 year average equivalent doses are much smaller than the skin and eyes doses recommendations by the National Council on Radiation Protection (Report 132), which provides radiation protection guidance for Low Earth Orbit.

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Section: Materials and Methods—r3dr2 Instrument Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of the ISS Radiation Environment Observed during the ESA EXPOSE‐R2 Mission in 2014–2016

et al. 2017

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“…Liulin-6K spectrometer is designed to be onboard by considering a radiation source in flight altitudes from STIL-BAS (Solar-Terrestrial Influences Laboratory -Bulgarian Academy of Sciences), and is space radiation measurement equipment allowing constant monitoring of a total radiation exposure and energy spectrum. Space radiation measurement experiments in flight altitudes using Liulin have been already implemented in various commercial aircrafts and ISS (International Space Station), and the reliability has been proven (Spurny & Dachev 2003, Spurny et al 2004, Green et al 2005. Liulin-6K is designed to be operated by 28 V DC, which can be supplied from an aircraft or lithium-ion battery.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Space Radiation Measurement on the Polar Route onboard the Korean Commercial Flights

Hwang¹,

Lee²,

Cho³

et al. 2010

Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences

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This study was performed by the policy research project of Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs, which title is "Developing safety standards and management of space radiation on the polar route". In this research, total six experiments were performed using Korean commercial flights (B747). Three of those are on the polar route and the other three are on the north pacific route. Space radiation exposure measured on the polar route is the average 84.7 uSv. The simulation result using CARI-6M program gives 84.9 uSv, which is very similar to measured value. For the departure flight using the north pacific route, the measured space radiation is the average 74.4 uSv. It seems that is not so different to use the polar route or not for the return flight because the higher latitude effect causing the increase of space radiation is compensated by the shortened flight time effect causing decreasing space radiation exposure.

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“…Subsequently, various research groups have measured the galactic cosmic radiation on jet aircraft and balloons and have also theo-retically or semiempirically modeled the radiation at altitude [Lewis et al, 2009]. Efforts to determine the additional exposure from solar particle events are also underway [Lewis et al, 2002;Bennett et al, 2005;Takada et al, 2007].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sievert (Sv) is the standard international unit of radiation exposure level for radiation protection purposes. [11] The gray (Gy) is a measure of absorbed dose, equivalent to that absorbed by an equivalent of silicon, andBennett et al [2005] detail our earlier research and comparisons using a Liulin absorbed dose to the TEPC. This earlier paper by Bennett et al also compares TEPC and Liulin measured doses to the Predictive Code for Aircrew Radiation Exposure, as in our earlier research.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Space Weather Quarterly Volume 7, Issue 2, 2010

2010

Space Weather Quarterly

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An empirical approach to the measurement of the cosmic radiation field at jet aircraft altitudes

Cited by 24 publications

References 15 publications

Overview of the ISS Radiation Environment Observed during the ESA EXPOSE‐R2 Mission in 2014–2016

Overview of the ISS Radiation Environment Observed during the ESA EXPOSE‐R2 Mission in 2014–2016

Space Radiation Measurement on the Polar Route onboard the Korean Commercial Flights

Space Weather Quarterly Volume 7, Issue 2, 2010

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