An empirical assessment of the “healthy prisoner hypothesis”

Baćak, Valerio; Wildeman, Christopher

doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.05.039

Cited by 32 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Elonheimo, Sillanmäki, and Sourander 2017), while time in prison was associated with a decreased mortality risk (cf. Bacak and Wildeman 2015). Unlike a previous mortality study using the same data (Skogens et al 2018), there was no significant link between the social network variable (daily contact with addicts and non-addicts) and the mortality risk in males, which is in all likelihood a consequence of the criminal activity variable in the analysis.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

The relation between out-of-home care, early school failure, and premature mortality: a 30-year follow-up of people treated for substance misuse in Sweden

Berlin

Greiff

Skogens

2020

Nordic Social Work Research

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Evidence from Swedish and international studies show that a high proportion of children from out-of-home care (OHC) have poor school performance and that this is strongly associated with their substantial risk of adverse development in future life. However, risk factors for poor school performance and adverse development are difficult to disentangle since they are often interrelated and enforce each other over the life course. This study examines premature mortality in relation to early school failure (drop-out from compulsory school) and OHC experience in childhood (0-17 years of age) among clients who were in treatment for substance misuse in the early 1980s (N = 1,036). The analyses were based on record linkages between interview data collected during treatment and national register data covering approximately 30 years of follow-up, from exit from treatment until 2013. Our results showed that 54 per cent had been placed in OHC as children, half before their teens and half as teenagers. The OHC population had a higher prevalence of school failure compared with clients who had not been exposed to childhood OHC. OHC was associated with an excess mortality, although this was only significant for females who had entered OHC before their teens. Adjusting results for school failure reduced their excess mortality by half, and additional life course factors associated with mortality among people with substance misuse adjusted for most of the remaining excess mortality. School failure was strongly associated with the excess mortality of females, but not with the excess mortality of males.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

The relation between out-of-home care, early school failure, and premature mortality: a 30-year follow-up of people treated for substance misuse in Sweden

Berlin

Greiff

Skogens

2020

Nordic Social Work Research

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“…We do not include state-specific analyses, and we base all analyses on the total number of deaths in the entire period. Although our results provide descriptive insight into the imprisonment–mortality association, they should not be interpreted causally, as research provides reasons both to expect our analyses to underestimate (Massoglia & Pridemore, 2015) or overestimate (Bacak & Wildeman, 2015) the protective effect of imprisonment.…”

Section: Data and Analytic Strategymentioning

confidence: 72%

Mortality among white, black, and Hispanic male and female state prisoners, 2001–2009

Wildeman

Carson

Golinelli

et al. 2016

SSM - Population Health

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Although much research considers the relationship between imprisonment and mortality, little existing research has tested whether the short-term mortality advantage enjoyed by prisoners extends to Hispanics. We compared the mortality rates of non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and Hispanic male and female state prisoners to mortality rates in the general population using data from the Deaths in Custody Reporting Program, the National Prisoner Statistics, the National Corrections Reporting Program, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The results indicate that the mortality advantage for prisoners was greatest for black males, followed by black females, Hispanic males, white females, and white males. Hispanic female prisoners were the only group not at a mortality advantage relative to the general population, with an SMR of 1.18 [95% CI: 0.93–1.43]. Taken together, the results suggest that future research should seek to better understand the curious imprisonment–mortality relationship among Hispanic females, although given the small number of inmate deaths that happen to this group (~0.6%), this research should not detract from broader research on imprisonment and mortality.

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“…10 In recent analyses, researchers have found that Black men have lower mortality while incarcerated; however, this protective effect was attributed to protection from motor vehicle accidents and similar injuries as well as increased mortality associated with compassionate release, as opposed to a “healthy prisoner” selection effect. 12,13 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incarceration and adult weight gain in the National Survey of American Life (NSAL)

Bailey

Williams

Kawachi

et al. 2015

Preventive Medicine

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The United States has the unenviable distinction of having both the highest obesity rate among Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) member countries and the highest incarceration rate in the world. Further, both are socially patterned by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic position. Incarceration involves various health behaviors that could influence adult weight trajectory. We evaluated the associations between history and duration of adult incarceration and weight gain using the National Survey of American Life (N=6,082 adults residing in the 48 contiguous states between February 2001 and March 2003). We propensity score-matched individuals to control for the probability of having a history of incarceration. To examine the relation between prior incarceration and adult weight gain, we fit gender-stratified generalized estimating equations controlling for propensity of incarceration history, age, education, income, race/ethnicity, and marital status. For males (N=563), incarceration was associated with about a 1.77 kg/m2 lower gain in body mass index (BMI) during adulthood, after adjusting for age, education, income, race/ethnicity, and marital status in addition to the propensity of having a history of incarceration (95% CI: −2.63, −0.92). For females (N=286), no significant overall relationship was found between a history of incarceration and adult weight gain. In subgroup analyses among those with an incarceration history, we found no overall association between duration of incarceration and adult weight gain in men or women. In sensitivity analyses, neither tobacco smoking nor parity changed the results. The results of this study indicate that incarceration is associated with a lower transition of weight gain in males, but not females.

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An empirical assessment of the “healthy prisoner hypothesis”

Cited by 32 publications

References 26 publications

The relation between out-of-home care, early school failure, and premature mortality: a 30-year follow-up of people treated for substance misuse in Sweden

The relation between out-of-home care, early school failure, and premature mortality: a 30-year follow-up of people treated for substance misuse in Sweden

Mortality among white, black, and Hispanic male and female state prisoners, 2001–2009

Incarceration and adult weight gain in the National Survey of American Life (NSAL)

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