“…As already seen, contrasting findings do show that there is no detrimental effect on audit quality and audit independence (Antle et al, 1997;Glezen and Millar, 1985;Gul, 1989;Raghunandan, 2003;Scheiner, 1984), but nevertheless, many countries prefer the relevant professional bodies to acknowledge the potential conflict and formulate guidelines (Lee, 1993). Researchers who support the provision of joint services argue that this arrangement ameliorates audit independence (Antle et al, 1997), because it provides the auditor with better knowledge of a client (through 'knowledge spillover'), and may well enhance the likelihood of problem discovery, and hence audit quality (Goldman and Barlev, 1974;Wallman, 1996).…”