An empirical classification of drinking patterns among alcoholics: Binge, episodic, sporadic, and steady

Epstein, Elizabeth E.; Kahler, Christoper W.; McCrady, Barbara S.; Lewis, Karen D.; Lewis, Scott

doi:10.1016/0306-4603(94)00043-x

Cited by 44 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Therefore, the cut-off points for the number of SDUs ingested in each event (i.e., five alcoholic beverages and six alcoholic beverages) and the frequency intervals (i.e., in the last week, 15 d, and 30 d) in which the episodes of heavy consumption occur vary in the different studies [8] . Regarding the term binge drinking, several authors suggest that this definition traditionally refers to a pattern of consuming large amounts of alcohol in a few hours and primarily during weekend nights that is conducted by younger age groups without a differentiation of gender [8] ; they primarily correlate it with clinical definitions of abuse or dependence [9][10][11] . To prevent confusion, alternate terms have been suggested, such as heavy drinking [1216] , heavy episodic drinking [1722] , heavy sessional drinking, risky singleoccasion drinking [23] , dangerous drinking [24] , or highrisk drinking [25] .…”

Section: Definition Of Binge Drinkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9, which indicated that people in this region frequently consumed large quantities of alcohol and frequently drank to intoxication, engaged in prolonged binges, and primarily consumed alcohol outside of mealtime [39] . Traditionally, alcohol consumption in Spain has been associated with the adult population; its regular consumption was primarily linked with gastronomy and social events.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Binge drinking: Burden of liver disease and beyond

Llerena¹

2015

WJH

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binge drinking has generalized. It is considered to be a socio-sanitary problem with few known consequences in terms of individual and third-party social impacts (in the form of violence or traffic accidents) and its organic impact (affects the liver and other organs and systems, such as the nervous and cardiovascular systems) and represents an important financial burden due to its increasing economic impact. This review provides a global approach to binge drinking and emphasizes its epidemiological character, the effect of this type of consumption and the possible management of a problem with an increasing tendency in our society. Core tip: Binge drinking is an alcohol consumption conduct that is primarily performed during the weekend by 24% of teenagers and young adults. Although the consequences of this habit are not well known, they have a social and organic impact on individuals. Binge drinking is considered to be a public health issue that should be addressed with primary prevention programs and a comprehensive intervention of the problem. Author contributions: Llerena S, Arias-Loste MT, Puente A, Cabezas J, Crespo J and Fábrega E contributed equally to this work; Llerena S and Fábrega E wrote the paper. Conflict-of-interest statement:The authors of the present manuscript declare no conflict of interests. AbstractThe consumption of alcoholic beverages is harmful to human health. In recent years, consumption patterns of alcoholic beverages have changed in our society, and

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Section: Definition Of Binge Drinkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Binge drinking: Burden of liver disease and beyond

Llerena¹

2015

WJH

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“…From a statistical standpoint, these findings are probably stronger given the somewhat restricted range of dependence found in this sample, not weaker. Subjects in this study did show a wide range of drinking frequency and pattern (Epstein et al, 1995); none the less, pattern of consumption was not related to loss of control or inability to abstain. With regard to the sample used in our study, it is important to note that all subtyping systems have been derived using clinical samples and predictions about loss of control and inability to abstain are derived from theories that were meant to be descriptive of alcoholics, not of the general population.…”

mentioning

confidence: 48%

On chefs, tailors and toolmakers: a reply to the commentaries

Kahler¹,

Epstein²,

McCrady³

1995

Addiction

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“…This ethanol acute exposure was mimicked by a 3 h vapor inhalation (Heaton et al, 2000b), resulting in a BAL of 461.57165.8 mg/dL (n¼4) in pups, a concentration comparable to the high levels seen in previous human and animal studies (Tran et al, 2005). The chronic and acute combinatorial model of ethanol exposure corresponds to the behavioral pattern of steady drinkers (Epstein et al, 1995). Cerebella did not significantly differ in either morphology or weight compared to unexposed pups.…”

Section: Ethanol Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 87%

Developmental exposure to ethanol increases the neuronal vulnerability to oxygen–glucose deprivation in cerebellar granule cell cultures

Duc¹,

Spataru²,

Ceangă³

et al. 2015

Brain Research

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Prenatal alcohol exposure is associated with microencephaly, cognitive and behavioral deficits, and growth retardation. Some of the mechanisms of ethanol-induced injury, such as high level oxidative stress and overexpression of pro-apoptotic genes, can increase the sensitivity of fetal neurons towards hypoxic/ischemic stress associated with normal labor. Thus, alcohol-induced sequelae may be the cumulative result of direct ethanol toxicity and increased neuronal vulnerability towards metabolic stressors, including hypoxia. We examined the effects of ethanol exposure on the fetal cerebellar granular neurons' susceptibility to hypoxic/hypoglycemic damage. A chronic ethanol exposure covered the entire prenatal period and 5 days postpartum through breastfeeding, a time interval partially extending into the third-trimester equivalent in humans. After a binge-like alcohol exposure at postnatal day 5, glutamatergic cerebellar granule neurons were cultured and grown for 7 days in vitro, then exposed to a 3-h oxygen-glucose deprivation to mimic a hypoxic/ischemic condition. Cellular viability was monitored by dynamic recording of propidium iodide fluorescence over 20 h reoxygenation. We explored differentially expressed genes on microarray data from a mouse embryonic ethanol-exposure model and validated these by real-time PCR on the present model. In the ethanol-treated cerebellar granule neurons we find an increased expression of genes related to apoptosis (Mapk8 and Bax), but also of genes previously described as neuroprotective (Dhcr24 and Bdnf), which might suggest an actively maintained viability. Our data suggest that neurons exposed to ethanol during development are more vulnerable to in vitro hypoxia/hypoglycemia and have higher intrinsic death susceptibility than unexposed neurons.

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An empirical classification of drinking patterns among alcoholics: Binge, episodic, sporadic, and steady

Cited by 44 publications

References 19 publications

Binge drinking: Burden of liver disease and beyond

Binge drinking: Burden of liver disease and beyond

On chefs, tailors and toolmakers: a reply to the commentaries

Developmental exposure to ethanol increases the neuronal vulnerability to oxygen–glucose deprivation in cerebellar granule cell cultures

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