“…The Ricardian equivalence hypothesis (Barro 1974(Barro , 1989 suggests that the effect of deficit-or debt-financed government spending is neutral in the long run. Feldstein (1982), Hoelscher (1986), Cebula (1997), Cebula and Cuellar (2010), Cebula (2014aCebula ( , 2014b, Cebula, Angjellari-Dajci, and Foley (2014) and others maintain that more government deficit/debt raises real interest rates and tends to crowd out spending by households and businesses. However, studies by McMillin (1986), Gupta (1989), Darrat (1989Darrat ( , 1990, Findlay (1990), and Ostrosky (1990) argue that more government deficit/debt would not raise the interest rate.…”