An Empirical Method for Comparing Pitch Patterns in Spoken and Musical Melodies: A Comment on J.G.S. Pearl's "Eavesdropping with a Master: Leos Janáček and the Music of Speech."

Patel, Aniruddh D.

doi:10.18061/1811/24011

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…These properties have received little empirical attention in previous research because it is typically assumed that an overarching melody that comes remotely near a genuine musical melody is not to be found in language (Zatorre & Baum, 2012). To be sure, the notion of melody has previously been discussed as potentially providing a link between how speech and music, respectively, structure sound events in time (Chow & Brown, 2018; Lerdahl, 2001; Patel, 2006, 2010; Patel et al, 2006), specifically, regarding intonation and tone contours (Glaser, 2000; Hausen et al, 2013; Nespor & Vogel, 1986; Palmer & Hutchins, 2006). There is also evidence for prosodic (particularly pitch-based) transfer from music to speech (Schön et al, 2004; Thompson et al, 2004) and from speech to music (Brown et al, 2009; Deutsch et al, 2006; Schellenberg, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melody in poems and songs: Fundamental statistical properties predict aesthetic evaluation.

Scharinger¹,

Wagner²,

Knoop³

2023

Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts

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Since antiquity, the concept of melody has been related not only to music, but also to language, specifically poetic language. However, while melodic properties of music were already mathematically defined more than 2,000 years ago, melodic properties of poems have remained fairly elusive to date. Proceeding from the assumption that fundamental melodic properties should in both domains be measurable in terms of recurrent time series of pitch and duration values, we administered two statistical measures-(a) autocorrelation coefficients and (b) spectral exponents-that both allow to quantify the relevant degrees of recurrence for recited poems and their sung versions alike. In a naturalistic concert event, 11 poems were recited, their musical settings sung, and aesthetically evaluative as well as emotion ratings collected from the audience. Correlating the autocorrelation coefficients and the spectral exponents with the subjective ratings revealed that the two acoustic measures chosen are predictive, to different strengths and with regard to different aspects, of the subjectively perceived melodiousness for both songs and poems. This approach to melody in songs and poems may also open new venues for empirically comparing melodic properties of speech and music beyond poetry.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melody in poems and songs: Fundamental statistical properties predict aesthetic evaluation.

Scharinger¹,

Wagner²,

Knoop³

2023

Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts

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“…Figure 1 illustrates a pitch contour stylisation from Prosogram. Prosogram is a suitable tool for studying music and language (Patel, Iversen, & Rosenberg, 2006;Patel, 2006) since the representation produced consists on level pitches and pitch glides. Hence, we have applied this method for speech and singing.…”

Section: Discrimination System Model 221 Automatic Segmentation Mementioning

confidence: 99%

Music and speech in early development: automatic analysis and classification of prosodic features from two Portuguese variants

Salselas

Herrera

2011

Journal of Portuguese Linguistics

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In the present study we aim to capture rhythmic and melodic patterning in speech and singing directed to infants. We address this issue by exploring the acoustic features that best predict different classification problems. We built a database composed by infant-directed speech from two Portuguese variants (European vs Brazilian Portuguese) and infant-directed singing from the two cultures, comprising 977 tokens. Machine learning experiments were conducted in order to automatically discriminate between language variants for speech, vocal songs and between interaction contexts. Descriptors related with rhythm exhibited strong predictive ability for both speech and singing language variants' discrimination tasks, presenting different rhythmic patterning for each variant. Common features could be used by a classifier to discriminate speech and singing, indicating that the processing of speech and singing may share the analysis of the same stimulus properties. With respect to discriminating interaction contexts, pitch-related descriptors showed better performance. We conclude that prosodic cues present in the surrounding sonic environment of an infant are rich sources of information not only to make distinctions between different communicative contexts through melodic cues, but also to provide specific cues about the rhythmic identity of their mother tongue. These prosodic differences may lead to further research on their influence in the development of the infant's musical representations.

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“…65 Such approach treats musical sounds as verbal phonemes, and is characteristic to indigenous music of Siberia, North America and Australia, as well as vocalizations of children in early childhood. • Speech can be heard as a collection of pitches, based on the reduction of the entire spectral content to its periodic component as manifested in vowels-the comparative analysis of the TO of which requires the generation of "prosograms" (Patel, 2006). The methodology of their creation has been developed by Mertens (Mertens, 2004).…”

Section: Filtrator Analysis Of Verbal Ear Versus Comparator Analysis ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Music Cognition from Birth to Adolescence: A Structuralist Approach

Nikolsky¹

2022

Preprint

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This book draws a new perspective on music as a special form of cognition that provides growing children with the means to mediate their emotional state and attitude to suit their physical and social environment. My conclusions are based on new evidence coming from: 1) musicological analysis of the original and spontaneous vocalizations by children, selected to represent the milestones in the development of music cognition; 2) comprehensive research on "ear development" throughout early childhood, systematically conducted in the USSR/Russia on a large pool of subjects during the 1920-1980s; 3) data on music perception by people habituated to non-Western forms of music, including timbre-oriented music traditions of northeast Eurasia; and 4) research coming from Vygotskian school on sociogenesis and objectivization of musical sound in early childhood (published in Russian only). The principal objective of this book is to arm researchers and students with tools to analyze, interpret, and evaluate the patterns of tonal organization in children musicking - and to inter-relate these patterns to cross-cultural patterns of early verbal, social, and emotional development. Children’s musical cognition needs a thorough revision because of the old erroneous belief, still widespread amongst developmental psychologists, that the principles of Western tonality constitute a universal modus operandi, intuitively sought by children from birth. According to this view, early children’s musicking constitutes a “defective” implementation of adult’s music due to children’s deficiencies in vocal control and its coordination with hearing. In reality, early childhood musicking constitutes a peculiar type of music, different from adult’s music – very much like children’s early speech that follows its own principles, different from adult’s speech. The principles of children’s musicking ought to be inferred from the structural organization of their non-imitative attempts to make music - bottom-to-top (as opposed to the current "a priori" top-to-bottom method of describing children's music in terms of Western tonality). Some other important issues covered in this book are the goals of musical development in childhood, the issues of musical attrition, bimusicality, and normalcy of musical abilities, the modularity of musical hearing, and the relation between musical and real-life emotions.

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An Empirical Method for Comparing Pitch Patterns in Spoken and Musical Melodies: A Comment on J.G.S. Pearl's "Eavesdropping with a Master: Leos Janáček and the Music of Speech."

Cited by 9 publications

References 7 publications

Melody in poems and songs: Fundamental statistical properties predict aesthetic evaluation.

Melody in poems and songs: Fundamental statistical properties predict aesthetic evaluation.

Music and speech in early development: automatic analysis and classification of prosodic features from two Portuguese variants

Music Cognition from Birth to Adolescence: A Structuralist Approach

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