2003
DOI: 10.1109/lawp.2003.819683
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An empirical model for predicting building penetration loss at 2 GHz for high elevation angles

Abstract: In this letter, we present an empirical model that predicts the building penetration loss at the 2-GHz band for high elevation angles involved in mobile communications served by high altitude platform stations. The model takes into account the elevation angle of the specific building with respect to the position of the platform. The penetration loss is found to be an increasing function of the elevation angles for a building with concrete walls and normal window size. The predicted values are compared with a r… Show more

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Cited by 22 publications
(22 citation statements)
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“…11 the derived models for the LOS case are compared with penetration loss models provided in [4]- [6] which also consider the LOS case and employ a linear or nearly linear rise of penetration loss with elevation. An up to 10 dB lower penetration loss can be found in [4] for a concrete building with common-size windows than is outlined by the minimum fit based (1). Further, slightly lower loss is predicted by the overall model in [5] where the LOS case can be considered only for high elevation angles.…”
Section: Modellingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…11 the derived models for the LOS case are compared with penetration loss models provided in [4]- [6] which also consider the LOS case and employ a linear or nearly linear rise of penetration loss with elevation. An up to 10 dB lower penetration loss can be found in [4] for a concrete building with common-size windows than is outlined by the minimum fit based (1). Further, slightly lower loss is predicted by the overall model in [5] where the LOS case can be considered only for high elevation angles.…”
Section: Modellingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The relationship of the penetration loss is given in [7]. MNJ7li NlP(fi Xj)(with material) J (5) The summation of (5) is over the N number of measured frequency tones and M number of snapshots over time, each denoted as P(fi, xi). All powers are in absolute power scale (not dB values).…”
Section: Penetration Lossmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The model takes into account the elevation angle of the specific building with respect to the position of the platform. The penetration loss is found to be an increasing function of the elevation angles for a building with concrete walls and normal window size [5]. This paper presented information on power delay profile, the time dispersion and penetration loss that measured at 3-11 GHz to describe the characteristics of radio propagation.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Initial work was presented by Walker 1983 [1] and subsequently by others [2][3][4][5]. An empirical model with transmitter located at only high altitude to study angular reflection and diffraction was presented for a rectangular building by Axiotis and Theologou [6]. An urban low elevation, lamp post levels transmitter installation study was presented with interference analysis supporting urban environment structures in 1700 MHz [7], producing a simple path loss model with high -factors at 2.5 GHz and different building constructions [8] and using "best fit" analysis at 900 MHz [9].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%