An Empirical Site-Classification Method for Strong-Motion Stations in Japan Using H/V Response Spectral Ratio

Zhao, John X.; Irikura, Kojiro; Zhang, Jian; Fukushima, Yoshimitsu; Somerville, Paul; Asano, Akihiro; Ohno, Yuki; Oouchi, Taishi; Takahashi, Takafumi; Ogawa, Hiroshi

doi:10.1785/0120050124

Cited by 261 publications

(236 citation statements)

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“…One advantage of this classification is that deep geological profiles and high shear-wave velocities are mapped to the resonance frequency. A recent study using Japan data (Zhao et al, 2006) proposed four site categories using this method. These authors used this site classification rather than the traditional description based on Vs30 because thick stiff soil layers overlying hard rock amplify long-period motions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, when computing empirical ground-motion prediction relations, Lussou et al (2001) showed that, for K-net data, site classification by a combination of Vs30 and H/V predominant period reduced the standard deviation of the computed equation. Zhao et al (2006) classified K-net sites using average H/V response spectral ratios and obtained a relation that well modeled local site effects and also reduced the model's uncertainty. This procedure potentially has application to data classified into general categories such as rock or soil, or that use no classification at all.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the present study, we use the H/V response spectral ratio, which was proposed by Zhao et al (2006), to attempt a site classification based on predominant period. It is not the objective of this paper to derive new empirical ground-motion estimation equations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Site Classification Using Horizontal-to-vertical Response Spectral Ratios and its Impact when Deriving Empirical Ground-motion Prediction Equations

Fukushima

Bonilla

Scotti

et al. 2007

Journal of Earthquake Engineering

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We classify sites based on their predominant period computed using average horizontal-tovertical (H/V) response spectral ratios and examine the impact of this classification scheme on empirical ground-motion models. One advantage of this classification is that deep geological profiles and high shear-wave velocities are mapped to the resonance frequency of the site. We apply this classification scheme to the database of Fukushima et al. (2003), for which stations were originally classified as simply rock or soil. The calculation of average H/V response spectral ratios permits the majority of sites in the database to be unambiguously classified. Soft soil conditions are clearly apparent using this technique.Ground-motion prediction equations are then computed using this alternative classification scheme. The aleatoric variability of these equations (measured by their standard deviations) is slightly lower than those derived using only soil and rock classes. However, perhaps more importantly, predicted response spectra are radically different to those predicted using the soil/rock classification. In addition, since the H/V response spectral ratios were used to classify stations the predicted spectra for different sites show clear separation. Thus, site classification using the predominant period appears to be partially mapped into the site coefficients of the ground-motion model.Keywords: H/V / response spectral ratio / site classification / attenuation relation / predominant period

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Site Classification Using Horizontal-to-vertical Response Spectral Ratios and its Impact when Deriving Empirical Ground-motion Prediction Equations

Fukushima

Bonilla

Scotti

et al. 2007

Journal of Earthquake Engineering

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“…Waveforms recorded at two adjacent stations may be very different if their site amplification factors are very different. The different site classifications can induce the amplifications of response spectra in different period ranges and have been estimated in the frequency domain in many studies (Nakamura 1989;Zhao et al 2006;Wen 2010).…”

Section: Site Amplification Correctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to remove any such spikes causing unrelated site responses, more records are needed to average the spectral ratios of those records (Zhao et al 2006).…”

Section: Site Amplification Correctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time numerical shake prediction and updating for earthquake early warning

et al. 2017

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Ground motion prediction is important for earthquake early warning systems, because the region's peak ground motion indicates the potential disaster. In order to predict the peak ground motion quickly and precisely with limited station wave records, we propose a realtime numerical shake prediction and updating method. Our method first predicts the ground motion based on the ground motion prediction equation after P waves detection of several stations, denoted as the initial prediction. In order to correct the prediction error of the initial prediction, an updating scheme based on real-time simulation of wave propagation is designed. Data assimilation technique is incorporated to predict the distribution of seismic wave energy precisely. Radiative transfer theory and Monte Carlo simulation are used for modeling wave propagation in 2-D space, and the peak ground motion is calculated as quickly as possible. Our method has potential to predict shakemap, making the potential disaster be predicted before the real disaster happens. 2008 M S 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake is studied as an example to show the validity of the proposed method.

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Characterization of strong‐motion recording sites in the Himalayas and adjoining areas

Gupta

Kumari

2023

Earthquake Engineering and Resilience

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In this paper, an attempt has been made to arrive at sufficiently realistic estimates of the average shear-wave velocity in the top 30 m of the ground (V S30 ) for 200 strong motion recording sites spread over the Himalayas, adjoining Indo-Gangetic plains and northeast Indian regions. This is achieved by extending the application of the horizontal to vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) method for the strong motion recording sites with a limited number of records. The knowledge of surface geology at the recording sites and the V S30 estimates based on the topographic slope method has been utilized as supplementary information to arrive at a good first-order approximation of V S30 for the sites with a single record also. A total of 669 three-component acceleration records have been obtained at the 200 sites considered from 158 different earthquakes in the magnitude range of 2.3-7.9 during 1986-2015. It had not been possible to use this database fruitfully due to lack of the required site characterization. Compared to the costly and time-taking field studies required for the estimation of exact site-specific values, the proposed scheme can be considered to provide a convenient methodology for obtaining sufficiently reliable approximations of V S30 from the recorded strong motion data. The V S30 values obtained in this study are found to be in very good agreement with the site-specific experimental values available for 29 of the sites, establishing the validity of the proposed scheme. An alternative site characterization is also provided in terms of the site soil and the local geological conditions, both defined in terms of three categories specified by indicator variables with values of 0, 1 and 2. Lee and Trifunac have illustrated that this characterization has stronger correlation with the ground motion amplitudes than the V S30 as well as the NEHRP site classes based on broad intervals of V S30 . The site characterization of the 200 strong motion recording sites in the present study will find useful applications in developing region-specific empirical ground motion prediction equations with the site amplification effects modeled realistically and in selecting suitable equations from the published literature using score-based data-driven methods.

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An Empirical Site-Classification Method for Strong-Motion Stations in Japan Using H/V Response Spectral Ratio

Cited by 261 publications

References 10 publications

Site Classification Using Horizontal-to-vertical Response Spectral Ratios and its Impact when Deriving Empirical Ground-motion Prediction Equations

Site Classification Using Horizontal-to-vertical Response Spectral Ratios and its Impact when Deriving Empirical Ground-motion Prediction Equations

Real-time numerical shake prediction and updating for earthquake early warning

Characterization of strong‐motion recording sites in the Himalayas and adjoining areas

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