IntroductionPeople are increasingly seeking to use the Web to carry out activities that were traditionally conducted through face-to-face communication. From the perspective of this Special Issue this change in communication channel raises two noteworthy issues. First, Web interfaces are in effect emulating traditional human roles. We see this across a diverse range of e-applications (and typical roles performed) including: e-commerce (e.g., salesperson/financial adviser); e-government (e.g., welfare/tax security officer); e-health (e.g., doctor/counsellor); and e-learning (e.g., In this Special Issue, we examine the effects of moving face-to-face communication online. We propose that the focus should be on communication as a starting point for 2 understanding both the technological and social implications of the use of new media, which can be analysed on different communication levels of computer-supported activities (e.g., societal, organisational, group and individual). On a societal level, communication and the production and exchange of information are crucial to modern day life, especially if we subscribe to the concept of the "information society", as proposed by major social theorists such as Castells (1996). In brief, this position argues that society has influenced the shaping of technology and its use; the evergrowing need for tools to facilitate communication has evolved from the telegraph to the Internet and the creation of a cyber society and virtual communities. The rise of the Internet has had a reciprocal influence on the shaping of society with the movement of face-to-face communication to, for example, Web-based systems, thus creating new ways for humans to act on the level of the individual, group and organisation. The Internet has become a crucial source of information, which can be used for communication in many different contexts from retail to education.Understanding the needs that electronic communication must meet in order to produce positive experiences for people in these different contexts still proves challenging.The aim of this Special Issue is to address this challenge and contribute to ideas in the theory and practice of moving face-to-face communication to Web-based systems.
Moving face-to-face communication to Web-based systemsNearly 40 years ago, a prediction was made that: "in a few years, men will be able to communicate more effectively through a machine than face to face" (Licklider and Taylor, 1968, p.24). The development of ICT and research into computer-mediated communication (CMC) underpins the move from face-to-face to online communication, but this change in channel is not fully understood in terms of the way