An empirical study of the psychodynamics of borderline impulsivity: A preliminary report.

Gagnon, Jean; Daelman, Sacha

doi:10.1037/a0024358

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Those results need to be replicated with other borderline impulsivity instruments. Nonetheless, they seem to converge with other studies showing that a deficit in the integration of the self and other representations and related constructs as measured with projective instruments are associated with self-destructive (Fowler et al, 2000) or self-damaging behaviors (Gagnon & Daelman, 2011). They are also consistent with the results of a recent study by Ellison and Levy (2012) who examined the factorial structure of the IPO by including measures of self-concept clarity, defenses, affects, emotion regulation, and risky and self-injurious behaviors.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…These studies have mixed results. With variables derived from projective instruments (e.g., Rorschach and Thematic Apperception Test) in clinical and nonclinical subjects, some findings have shown that splitting, ego boundary, emotional investment in moral standards, and affective quality of representations were associated with automutilation (Fowler, Hilsenroth, & Nolan, 2000), self-damaging behaviors, and impulsivity trait (Gagnon & Daelman, 2011). Using the Defense Style Questionnaire (Bond, 1986) and DSM criterion, one study (Koenigsberg et al, 2001) in BPD patients found that neither splitting nor identity disturbances were found to be associated with impulsive aggression whereas another study in depressed patients showed that splitting was associated with impulsive behaviors in usual life situations and lifetime suicide attempts (Corruble et al, 2003).…”

Section: Distinction Between Splitting and Identity Diffusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Do splitting and identity diffusion have respective contributions to borderline impulsive behaviors? Input from Kernberg’s model of personality.

Gagnon¹,

Vintiloìu²,

McDuff³

2016

Psychoanalytic Psychology

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Kernberg’s object relations model postulates that excessive splitting compromises the integration of the positive and negative poles of the representations of self and other, as well as their arrangement into more complex and hierarchically ordered structures such as the individual’s identity, resulting in identity diffusion. In adult functioning, splitting and diffuse identity are conceived as 2 close functional related constructs and associated to borderline impulsivity. The present paper proposes an empirical investigation of Kernberg’s model, with the aim of examining the relations between splitting, identity diffusion, and impulsivity as measured with 2 instruments: one measuring the frequency of occurrence of self-damaging behaviors (BSL-B; Borderline Symptom List-23, Behavior Supplement Scale) and the other assessing the borderline impulsivity trait [Personality Assessment Inventory-Borderline features, Self-Harm subscale (PAI-BOR Self-Harm subscale)]. Data from the Splitting Index (SI) and the Identity Consolidation Inventory (ICI) was collected from a nonclinical sample (N = 204). Multiple regression results showed that only identity diffusion made a significant contribution to the variance of borderline impulsivity trait (PAI-BOR Self-Harm) whereas only splitting made a significant contribution regarding the frequency of occurrence of self-damaging behaviors (BSL-B). Results suggest that both splitting and identity diffusion measures reveal respective associations with impulsivity in a nonclinical sample but these associations seem to vary depending on the instrument assessing impulsivity. Differences between the 2 impulsivity measures are discussed in relation to both psychoanalytic constructs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Distinction Between Splitting and Identity Diffusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do splitting and identity diffusion have respective contributions to borderline impulsive behaviors? Input from Kernberg’s model of personality.

Gagnon¹,

Vintiloìu²,

McDuff³

2016

Psychoanalytic Psychology

Self Cite

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“…A recent study brought partial support to this model by showing that perceived social rejection vs. inclusion had a significant effect on RPI performance as a function of the participants’ frequency of use of splitting [85]. Other studies supported the existence of the model’s implicit and emotional pathway, by showing an association between an implicit measure of the BPD self-concept with a projective instrument and BDP impulsivity [86], as well as an association between an implicit measure of hostile cognitions or concept of self with event-related potentials and aggression [87,88,89]. More studies are in need to verify this model and particularly if the BPD self-concept and splitting dimensions of personality can be specifically related to inhibition processes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Modulating Role of Self-Referential Stimuli and Processes in the Effect of Stress and Negative Emotion on Inhibition Processes in Borderline Personality Disorder: Proposition of a Model to Integrate the Self-Concept and Inhibition Processes

et al. 2019

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Impulsivity is an important clinical and diagnostic feature of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Even though it has been reported that BPD individuals’ inhibition performance is significantly reduced in the context of negative emotion or stress, this literature shows mixed results, raising questions about the possible role played by other factors. Winter (2016) proposed that negative emotion stimuli can be more disruptive for BPD individuals’ attention control performance because they induce higher distractibility self-referential processes. This article aimed to systematically review the literature regarding the effect of stress and negative emotions on three main inhibition processes—prepotent response inhibition, resistance to distractor interference, and resistance to proactive interference—in BPD and to verify the putative modulating role of self-referential stimuli and processes on these inhibition processes. All English and French experimental studies published until August 2018 were searched in PsychINFO and PubMED databases. The following keywords were used: “borderline* AND inhibit* OR interference* OR forget* OR task* AND emotion* OR stress* OR affect*”. A total of 1215 articles were included in the study. After full text revision, twenty-six papers were selected for review. The results of this review indicate that when stimuli or procedures involve self-reference stimuli or processes, BPD individuals’ performance seems to be more disrupted in all three inhibition processes. A model based on Winter’s and Kernberg’s models is proposed with the aim of integrating the self-concept with inhibition processes in BPD.

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“…To our knowledge, there are no studies that have directly compared the TAT performance of individuals with BPD and individuals with SSD. There have been two studies that have used the SCORS on TAT narratives for individuals with schizophrenia (Lysaker et al, 2010; Vaz, Béjar, & Casado, 2002) and multiple studies have examined the SCORS for individuals with BPD (Gagnon & Daelman, 2011; Lewis et al, 2016; Westen et al, 1990; Whipple & Fowler, 2011). These studies reveal that these clinical groups show more pathological object relations in comparison with controls; however, no study has directly compared these clinical groups to examine SC differences.…”

Section: Social Cognition and Laboratory-based Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance-Based Assessment of Social Cognition in Borderline Versus Psychotic Psychopathology

et al. 2019

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Abstract. Individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) are known to display deficits in social cognition (SC). Our sample comprised 81 patients enrolled in residential treatment for complex psychopathology. We used performance-based assessments to test the hypothesis that individuals with SSD would display decrements on the cognitive/perceptual facets of SC, whereas individuals with BPD would evidence greater dysfunction on the affective/interpersonal facets of SC, with consideration taken for how gender may interact with diagnosis to influence results. Our findings suggested that women with SSD displayed more impaired understanding of social causality compared with their female BPD counterparts, while female patients with BPD evidenced greater expectation for aggression in their SC compared with women with SSD. These findings provide partial support for our hypotheses while highlighting the importance of accounting for the influence of gender on SC functional disparities between these two groups.

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An empirical study of the psychodynamics of borderline impulsivity: A preliminary report.

Cited by 8 publications

References 71 publications

Do splitting and identity diffusion have respective contributions to borderline impulsive behaviors? Input from Kernberg’s model of personality.

Do splitting and identity diffusion have respective contributions to borderline impulsive behaviors? Input from Kernberg’s model of personality.

The Modulating Role of Self-Referential Stimuli and Processes in the Effect of Stress and Negative Emotion on Inhibition Processes in Borderline Personality Disorder: Proposition of a Model to Integrate the Self-Concept and Inhibition Processes

Performance-Based Assessment of Social Cognition in Borderline Versus Psychotic Psychopathology

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